Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other maiginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing tliis resource, we liave taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain fivm automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attributionTht GoogXt "watermark" you see on each file is essential for in forming people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liabili^ can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at |http: //books .google .com/I Hosiecb, Google Hosiecb, Google AaEBICAS' SVSrm CE tBOCAlIOS HAND-BOOK ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOEDS, IN THREE PARTB. ISSTRBCTIONS ADOTIT ANGLO- SAXO^ ROOT-WORHS. *TDD1ES JN ANGLO-SAXON HOOT-WORDS, THE BEGINNINGS OF THE ROOT-WOFDS "Th« tcrmB wbloli Btei All upon tbe esi of diiLdhood "— Bniii. Riv. "31 £itcrarji :3l3Boricitio]i. NEW-YORK : I>. APPLETON & COMPANY S4a & 313 BKOAD W A Y. Hosiecb, Google J D. APPLETON & COSIPA the SUtrict Court of lbs Unll Wstrtot of Kew Ymfc. Hosiecb, Google A lETTEE. DK. WISDOM TO THE LITBflARY ASSOCIATION. Oentlehen : — This latter yon owe to the reqiaest of one of jour number. Some time ago Dr. called upon me, and in b, very agreeab'e confer- ence witli him, I learned much about your plans. Among oilier things, ha informed me fliati you were about to bring out a Hand-Book of {he Anglo- Saion Root-worda of our langunge. I sng^efited this to your Committee Borae time ago. It is part of jour work. Yoti act prudently in confining the proposed Hand-Book soldi/ tg the Anglo-Saxon roct-worda. These words addreea the sensee. They nra easily understood, because the things which they represent arc found in the waits of childhood, Thoy appear as distinct vmrds in onr language, and retain much of their original form and meaning. Moat of the root-mordi of French and Classic origin do not appear as 3istioet words in our langnage. Many of Lhem have lost eo much of their native form as to mate it a difficult thing to trace them in the English language — too difficulty at least, for childhood. They caanot bo presented at an early age with advaat^e; and when pre- sented, I am of opinion, it should be in connection with their derivativei. Your present work is needed. I have long felt this. The two HaDd-Books 8lreadypubU9hed,Iamhappytoleam,fintianopen and hopeful field. But it is too wide for them. The farm, gentlemen, you hare cultivatedi the garden, jou have just entered, wants your care also. The Hand-Book on the Anglo-Saxon Root-Words will meet the wants of children about eight yearn old — the wants of an important claES of pupils. The division of your course on OrUiography may not bo readily gain ths appiovol of parents and teachers. It will gain it, howerer. It is based on some interesting facts in the oonstitnUon and life of ehildren. They learn by EsouESWNB. This is the character of the mind in early life : it is sxevrtive. The bud, the blossom, and the fmitngo of thought are seldom gathered at the same time — never in childhood. Hosiecb, Google iv DE. WISDOM TO THE LITEHAfiY ASSOCIATIOH. The esenreiona of tlie joung mind are shoet. The journey whose end ia not apprehended at tho beginning fails to cseite healthy emotions. The large text-book may fill the eye, but rest assured it will soon oppress the heart. Besides, there is a charm in the tittle for young minda, and the end of a book forma an agreeable broal: in study. It is a desirable resting-plaefl in the joarney, and such resting-plaoes should not by any means be too far apait. You wjll, I suppose, omit the original word. Excuse my seeming obtrusion upon your deliberations. To give it can anewerno end. The child will not be able to nndarstand it, or receive any advantage from it. In many cases he would not be able to pronounce iL The more advanced student would not espect to find it in an elementary work. What use is tliere, for instance, in saying that deck is from deeMn, and lovb from lufian\ Gentlemen, give the results of your learning, but not the details and show of it. I would advise you to give at least, in tbe most of oases, the original BieoJiiHj of the words. It will have a charm for the young mind. The child, I thinli, would be pleased to learn, for instance, tliat qveen originally meant woman, ioora countryman, hushand Qie house-band, and wife ilie one who- weaves, tecause women did the weaving in olden times. Ton will also give tlie use of the words. This cannot be wisely over- looked. Words are instruments of thought, and me of value to us only when we can use them. I would give tlieir use in EamUiar questions and answers, tie teacher using the word in a simple qnesfion, and the child answering with tbe same word. For instance: Teacher. Is honte a dear plaee! Child. Home is a dear place, The principle ot imitation ia brought into use here, and by it^ the child will bo able to acquire a oorrect pronunciation and a ready use of words. You will also retain the two chief features of your other Hand-Books — I mean the arrangemertt of words in the tliree classes of nouB«, adjeotiees, and verbs — an arrangement that aooorda witl the law of mind — and their dispo- gitiora in groups under the things to which they relate, Sneh an arrange- ment and disposition amount to a discovery in education. They aecord wifli the growth of mind. The word becomes a pleasing object of study, and the child, in going forth into the domain of language, iinds himself still in com- pany with the form and spirit of nature. Conducted in this way, education becomes a thing of pleasure as well as of duty. The word ceases to bo an arbitrary sign ; the word becomes a thing instinct with thought. With much consideration, I remain, gentlemen, jours truly, Lionel Wisdom. Hosiecb, Google AN INTERVIEW A TEACHER AND A MEMBER OP THE LlTKItAEY ASSOCIATION. The following interview haa Bometlmig luore tliaa a loeal interest Saturday afternoon, January 14tli, 1853. Mr. B , a practical teacher, called upon ma to make some inquiries about "The American Syatem of Education." "3ir,"sajd he, "allow me to ask yon some questions about the Hand- Manber. — With pleoBure. We ate happy to talk about tbat which in- terests ue. Teaehei: — True, Sir. I have seen your Hfind-Booli of Anglo-Saxon Or- thography, and am much pleased with it Yon have another Hand-Book) Member. — Two, Sir. The Literary Association lias three Hand-Books on English Orthography. In these books, the child is led oyer the whole doioain of the English language. He follows its hislorie grouitk from the half-formed words, pa and ma, to the awful names of God and eternal things. Teacher. — The growth of langnnge! Sir, has language a growth! Member. — An inBtraclive and beautiful one. It is the body of thought and, like our own bodies, grows iato an oi^anic whole. Every word is a member, and increases with the increase of every part Besides this, it has a noble historic gromfh. Teacher. — Explain if, if yon please. Member. — The English language, as we speak it, is not native to America nor England. It Ja a mixed langnagc, having at least five Ungual elements. All its parts were imported from the continent. Its native home is the far- amed Indus — the first scat of civilization. Teaeher. — Sir, this is new and somewhat surprising. I knew that onr language contained Latin and Greek words. Proeeed, Sir. Hosiecb, Google Vi AN INTERVIEW BETWEEN A TEACHER Member. — ^An illuBtration -will explain what I have said. TKe Englisb langucge is like an engrafted tree. The Anglo-Sason is tha slock; and Ui6 Gothi<^ Ccltie, Preneh, Latin and Greek are engrafiures. Iliatory records their inoeulation and growth. Teacher. — Thia h what I have long wished to Sfee. The Anglo-Sason ie the Btock — the basis of the Eoglisb language. Member.— Yes. When it -was introduced into England bj the Angles and Saions in 460 A.D., the Celtic was the langnego of the British islands. A few Lathi words ■wera mixed with it^ the memorials of tha Roman oonqnesf. But the Celtic wasted away before the Saxon, as the Indian dialects in this country, have wasted away before the English ; and the Saxon became the speech of those islands. TfeocAer. — Very eatisfeetory. But how did the other elements come in t Member. — In various ways. The Church, commerce, war, and learned men, introdnoed them. The old Sason tongue was poor in some things, and borrowed kindred toordi from the Gothic ; names of places from the Celtic ; words heloi^ing to law, chivalry, and lasie, from the French ; and soieniifie and theological terms from the Latin and Greek languages. In tiis waj, it has become great — in this way, we propose to study iL Hacher. — How, Sir! Ton excite my curiosity. Memher. — In its historic growth. "We b^n with the Anglo-Saxon, which is the stock. It is more than this. Let me take a new illustration. As the German, Celt, French, Italian, and Greek, \>^rLi>ias Americanized by coming among us, so their languages have been Anglicised by engrafture upon tlie Teacher. — I understand now. Allow me. Sir, to return to the Hand- Books. What do you propose tt> do in your first onet MaaieT. — To teach the Anglo-Saxon rootrwords. We begin with the child/Ktid of the language. It becomes the young mind. What do we want with derivative words till we have learned their roots ! Teacher. — Just ao. How do you present those words 1 Manber. — As nature teaches us. The child picks up whole words as he picks np whole flowers. He picks them up in connection with things. He goes forth, and namea whatever he sees and feels. Then, he learns their gtialities, and names them ; and lastly, their acUotis, and names them also. Thus, father; dear father; dear father comes. Teacher. — Tour plan is simple. The child, too, studies things white he is studying words. Member. — This is not all. The Anglo-Saxon words are nearly all spelUd as they are written. So the ear and eye agree in studying them. Teacher. — Wliat do you pi'oposo in yoar second llend-Book ! Hosiecb, Google AND A MEMBER OF THE LITERARY ASSOCIATION. Vli Member. — The growth of lie Anglo-Saxon root-words— their deriTativas. They are needed to meet the wants of the nnfolding mind. By the use of nine terminations, twenty-Jme sagixes, and eighteen prefixes, we form sonie five (AoKsami deriyative words from the one thousand root-words. Language is a necessity of our nature, and is to be furnished as wa need it. Haulier, — I see your pinn clearly, and admire it. Member. — Evety child should build up his own language as nece^ity re- quires it Then, words would be ready weapons of the mind. Teitc/ier. — So they would. You said that the Association had a third Iland-Boot. What do jou. propose in it! Member. — To teach the engrafted parts of our language. This is done Hocording to the plsn laid down ia the first and second Hand-Books. Teacher. — Nothing can bo more simple. The idea of learning our language ill ite historic growth ia beautiful. How oonld it have been overlooked so JongS Metiiber.—l know not. But these yiewe only point out the framework of the system luttractions introduce the child to the whole building. Teacher —In what, may I ask I Member- — Instructions in the different parts of the English language; instructions also in tJie growth of words by terminations, euffiiea, and pre- Teaeker — These instructions are much needed. Membei — I have not said all yet. The English language liaa a growth i' cording i« the laws of uom. This is pointed out in the ari'angement of words as mnins, adjectives, and verba. It has a social gkowtu. This is seen in the engratUd elomenls. It has a growti according to eeabon. The mind of man begins at home to unfold iti^l£ From Ihenee, it stretches forth to God. This ia presented in the arrangement of words under the Tarions things lying betweea home and heaven. Teacher. — The subject grows in interest. I have been blind to its im- Memher. — One thing more. The English language has an. etymology; and this is the root of its orthography. Words are traced to their native lan- guages. They are traced alao to their natural sources in the organs of iiie body. The body is the wonderful instrument from which the soul evokea speech under the influence of tho world. Teacher. — Enough, enough, Sirl You have convinced me that I know little or notliing of my own language. The Hand-Boolis I shall study. jlfeniiei". — -Sir, we have a noble lar^i^e. Let us understand and teach it to the people. Hosiecb, Google Hosiecb, Google TABLE OF CONTENTS. IsBTEuonoN I. — A Word. Inst. II, — The Spoken Word Inst. III. — IIeariso Issi. rV. — Spkeou Inst. V. — TuE Obuas of Speect Inst. VI— WEinrnj Inbt. Vn. — The Wkitten Wobd Inst. VIII. — Sek(no Inbt. IX. — Touch Inst. X— The Hand Inst. XI. — The Picture Inst. XIL— The Stueol Inst. XIV.— The Leitku Inst. XV. — The Alfhabet Ikst. XVI. — Leteehb anb Sodnm IsBT. XVIL — A Table or LicrrERa asd Socnds . Inbt. XVIIL— The Enqusii Wobd Inst. XIX — Soukoeb of English WoBDa Inbt. XX, — ABaLo.SAsoN Wokds. Inst. XXI. — Anoio-Saxon Root-Wokes Inbt. XXIL— Stllableb IKIT. XXni.— Qdaktitv Inbt. XXIV.— Accent Inst. SS.Y, — Aettoulatjon Inst, XXVI- Hosiecb, Google InW. XiVir— Pm>lm,iaii ^ Inst. XXVIII —OrTuocpi Inst. XXIX — (jHiiLuGKiPUY Inst. "XTiX — fepELLao Inst. XXXL— PnoMmo SpaLiivG Ikrt. XXXII— The MEinikQ of Words Lw. SXXIII —Tub Use of Words Ibbt. XXXIV— How we u-e Wopua Inst. XXXV — ItJaTEucriL is about ABGro-SASOl Poor Setoiilr JUart, Chaptee I — SruDr. 3; St-udiei: Ths Study of Words— Tha Plan of 9tnd3'— Model oT the J'lao of Study — Preparing & Study — Kecitiiig a Study — Names of Things— Th[nga. Chap. II. — Home 31 Studies: Outhouses — Kinds of Houses — Groups of Houses — • Parts of a House — Household Staff. Chap. Ill; — Hocsehoid n Studies: Serrauts— Food— Clothing. Chap. IV. — Man 4( Studies ; The Body of Mun— Tlia Head— The Chest- -The Upper Limbs — The Loiver Limbs — Stales of the Body — Diseases of the Body- The Senses. Chap. V.— The Sovi, 6i Studies: The States of iha Soul— Powers a.id Feelings of the Soul. Chap. VI,— Bosisiiss Gl Studies: Parpiing— Hunting and Fishing — Smilhing — Mannfae- turing- Warring — Baying and Selling — Teaehing— Other Learned Callings — The State and Offieera. Chap. VIL— Toois amd Woekb of Man 6( Studies : Took and Works of tie Farmer — Tools and Worts of the Hunter and Fisher — Tools and Works of the Housewright —Tools and Worts of the Shipwright-Tools and Works of the Millwrights-Tools and Works of Ihe Smith- Tools and Works of the Weaver— Tools and Worlis of Muiiu fact Lire re— Hosiecb, Google TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI Tools and Worbe of the Housewife— Tools and Works of the Soldier — Tooia and Works of Learned Business — Tools and Works of Differeat Kinds of BiiMnesa — -Woighta and Measures — Numbers. Ohaf. VIII. — Thk Wopks of the Ckeatob 11 Studies: The EaJ-th— Bodies of Land— Bodies of Water— Mine- ral Boilies of the Eartli — Vegetable Bodies of the Eai'th — Shrubs — Herbs— Grasses — Vegetables— Flowers — Some Pro- duetions of Plants — Tlie Paris of Pliints — Animal Bodies of the Earth — Wild Aniinftle — Water Animals — Reptiles — Insects — Birds — Dumestio Birds — Productions of Animals — Bodies in the Heavens. Chap. DC— Piace and Tjme 93 Bludifs : Places on the Earth and in the HeaTens — Relative Places — Lai^er Divisions of Time — Smaller Divisions of Time — Relative Divisions of Time — RelaLJons of Things and Evenis in Place and Time — Conneetions of Things and Events in Place and Time. Chat. S.— Gon 98 Sludiea: God — Attributes of God— Eelfttions of God to Man — Abode of God. CaAP. XL — Qualities of Tcinos 100 Studies: Qoalities of Home — Qualities of Outhonses— Qualities of Houaebold Stuff— Qualities of the Household — Qualities of Food — Qualities of Clothing — Qualities of Man — Qualities of the Body of Man — Qualities of Parts of t!ie Body of Man — Qualities of tbe Soul of Man — Qualities of the Hanter and Hunting— ■ Qualities of the Farm and Farming — Qualities of War — Quali- ties of the Manufaeturer and Manufacturing — Qualities of the Trader aud Trading — Qualities of the Sailor and Sailor's Life — Qualities of the Learned Profeesiona — Qualities of Officers and Offices— Qualities of the Works of Man- Qualities of fbe Works of God — Qualities of Vegetable Bodies — Qunliti*s of Animals — Qualities of Ught — Qualities of God. Chap. XII. — AoTioNa Ill Btadies: Actions of the Body of Man — Actions of tie Hands of Man — Actions of Uie Feet of Man — Actions of Man in the Household — Actions of the Senses — Actions of the Soul ot Man — Aotjons of Food — Actions of Clotting in the House — Hosiecb, Google SU TABLE OF CONTENTS. AetioDS of Uie Hoiiseteeper — Actions of the Hoasehald*!" — Actions of the Huntev — Actions of the Kshei' — Actions of the Farmer — Actions of the HouaBwr^ht — Actions of the Wheel- wright — Actions of tJie Shipwright — Aetions of the Millwright -Actions ot the Smith — Actions of the Waaver — Actions of the Manufacturer — Actions of the Trader — Actions of the Soldier — Actions of the Teadier— Actions of tlie Doetor— Actions ot the Artist — Actions of Minerals — Actions of Plants — Actions of Animnla — Actions of Wild Animals — Aetions of Wafer Animals — Actions of Birds— Actions of the Earth — Aotioos of Water — Actions of the HeaTens — Actions of GoiL Chap. XIII.— Etento. 137 Studies ; Events of the Household — Events in the Occupations of Man — Events in the Earth — Events in the Heavens— Eventa ot God— Last Things. mirif ¥aEt. THE BEGINNINeS OP WOKDS. CHAPTKa I. — TuE Becin>"isos of "Words ]45 Studies : Words— The Oi^anof Speech- The Body and Words— The World and Words— Tlie Soul and Words— The Begiunii^ of Words — Natural History of Words. Chap. II. — The Human Bony 148 Siadies: The Organ of Spaeeli — The Sense of Hearing — The Sense of Seeing— The Sense of Taste— The Sense of Smell— The Sense of Touch- The Hands- The Feet— Tha Muscles— The Oigan of Breathing — The Covering of the Body. Chap. HI.— Man 153 Studies : Man — Household — Society — Business of Man. Ohap. IV.— The Wosin 165 Stvdies: The Earth—The Heavens — Form — Quantity — Pkee— Time — Relations of Things in Place and Time — Connections of Things in Place and Time. Ohap. V. — The Soul and God ifil Studiei: The Soul— God. Chap. VT.— Tee Enh of the Ha.-(ii-Book of Akgio-Saios Root-Wobcs. 158 Hosiecb, Google HAHD-BOOK AfiGlO-SAXOI EOOI-WOEDS. The lips move when we speak. Something passes from them, and fells upon the ear. It is called a word. A word is that which passes from Sie lips. It has another meaning now. A word is the sign of a THIKS. I speak, for instance, the word, rose, and it is a sign to you of what I mean. You see and smell that sweet flower What is a word! Give an inatanoe. INSTRUCTION Speech is a rich gift, and is shared alone by man. It is the power to think and feel aloud. It gives us the spoken word. Hosiecb, Google 14 ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. The spolcm word is a sound used as (he sign of a thing. I: I say hook, for instance, you hear a 'spoken word. It is sound, and is used as "the 5^ of a certain thing — a book. What is a apoken word 1 Give an instance. The spoken word cornea to the ear. Without hearing, it eoihes in vain. There is no sound. We could make none ourselves ; we could not hear what others make. Hearing is one of the five senses. /( gives us a knowledge of sounds. As such, we should use it thoughtfully when we speak ourselves, or listen to others. What ie hearing ! What do we Jearn from it ? s a wonderful gift. It is shared alone by man, and gives us the spoken word. It does so when guided by the ear. Speech is tfie power of making hwwn what we wish in sounds. It breaks up the sDence of the heart. We think and feel aloud. Wliat ia speech f The word, organ, is the same as an instrument, or tool. The hand is an organ : so is the eye. Hosiecb, Google AKGLO-SAXOTif EOOT-WOBDS. The organ of speech is that instniment by which the soid thinks and feels aloud. It ia made up of the lungs, wind- pipe, larynx, tongue, teeth, palate, and lips. What is the organ of speeoU What are its parta ! The cldld is not content to be able to speak what he thinks and feels. He wishes to write his thoughts. The pencil is used almost as soon as the tongue. The word, vjriting, means smearing, as with wax. In olden times, people covered boards with was, and wrote upon it with a steel pen. It means more now. Writing is Hie art or practice of making ktiers vnth a pen or pencil. It gives us the written word. What is writing I What diJ thu word at first mean ! The spoken word passes away, "We wish to keep it, and find out that sound can he written. The tvritten word is one or more letters or marks, -used as the sign of a spoken word. If I write the word, bu^, for instance, I think of the sound, buzz, and then of the insect or what- ever makes it. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SASON EOOT-W INSTRUCTION The written word is brougKt to tlie eye, Witliout seeing, it would be brought in vain. Seeing is one of tho five senses. It gives us a kmwledge of the color and forms of things. As such, it ia useful when we mate written words, or read those made by others. Wirnt is seeing ? 'What do we learn from it ! t The eye could never give us a written word, if left to itsel£ It needs the help of touch. Touch is one of the five senses. AroDng many things which it gives us, form, is only pointed out here. Touch gives us form. TTHat ia touch ) What do we learn from it ! The eye and touch could not give us a written word without the hand. As the ear and speech needed the or- gan of speech to form a spoken word, so the eye and touch need the hand to form the written word. The hand is the r/rgan or instrument iy which the soul gives shape to things, thvaks andfeek so as to he seen. By the hand, the written word has its shape, and becomes a sign of what we think or feel. Whatiatlielund! Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON KOOT-WOKDS. NSTRUCTION XI. The picture was the first way in which men wrote their words. If they wished to write the words, horse and man, th^ drew a picture of them. So children begin to write. A picture is a likeness of a thing drawn on a flat surface. The picture, as a kind of writing, meant two things : 1. It was the likeness of the thing. 2, It was the sign of its Wiat WBB the first kind of writing t What is e. picture ! What did it The picture was a slow way of writing a word. It took up too much time. Men wished to shorten the time and lessen the lahor. The picture was changed into a symbol Instead of drawing a picture of a siege, a, scaling-ladder only was drawn : instead of drawing a ting in royal dress, an eye and sceptre were drawn. A syviiol is a part, inslrumenl or some likeness of a thing. Fe^ in water was the symbol of a fuller : an arm with a whip was tho symbol of a charioteer, and a fly of impudence. The symbol, as a Mnd of writing, was a double sign ; 1. A sign of the thing ; 2. A sign of its name. "What 13 a ajinbol! What is it as aliind of writing! The symbol, like the picture, was found to be a slow way of writing. It took up too much time. The Chinese Hosiecb, Google 18 ANGLO-SASON ItOOT-WOBUS. shortened it. They wrote each word hy making a certain mark, which became its sign. This way was found not to be the best. Instead of writ- ing EACH WORD by a mark, for then we would have to write and know EIGHTY thousand maeks to know all our lan- guage, we write only the sounds of which words are made. In this case, we have only to learn the marks for FORTY SOUNDS, for these make up all the words in our language. These marks are called letters. A leiler is the sign of a sound of the human voice ; as, a, b, c. When I see a or o, for instance, I think of the sound. Words, we have said, are made np of sounds. Thus, the word, 'man, is made up of the three sounds, m, a, n. The sounds of which words arc made, are written by letters. Thus, the sounds which make up the word, go, are written by the letters, g and o. All the letters which mark the sounds of which all the words in a language are made up, are brought together and called an alphabet. Alphabet is a word which we have borrowed from the Greeks, It is the name of all the letters which we use in writing words. The letters of our alphabet are brought together in a cer- tain order. It is as follows : a, h, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j\ k, I, m, "i Of Pi 2i ^i s, t, u, y, w, X, y, 2. What 13 fte alphabet Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOEDS. All the words which, we use are spoken with fortt SOUNDS and written with twenty-sis LBrrBES. Some of these sounds are made by opening the mouth and forcing o«t the air. These are called vowels. A vowel is simple voice; as, a, o. It is formed by opening the mouth. Some of these sounds are double. These arc called diph- A diphthong is tlie union of two vowel sounds ; as, oi in boil. Some of these sounds are made by joining parts of the organ of speech. They are called consonants. A consonant is a jointed sound. It is formed by joining parts of the mouth together ; as, the Ups in sounding p ; the tongue and teeth in sounding t. What is a voweH A diphthong? A couBonaut! INSTRUCTION XVII. The ktters and sounds may now be brought together in one view, under the heads of towels, diphthongs and con- sonants. They should be studied with great care. Vowel Sounds. 1. a as in father. 7. i as in pin. 2. a as in fat. 8. as in note, 3. a as in fate. d. asm not. 4. a or aw as in water, law. 10. 00 as in fool. 5. e as in me. 11. u as in tube. 6. e as in met. 12. M as in tub. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WO n. DiPB THONGS. 1. ou as in house. 3. ew as in new. 2. oi as in boU. 4. ^" as in bite. III. COKSOHANIS. 1. W as in woe. 13. th asintliin. 2. y as io ye. 14. A as in thine. 8. I as in low. 15. ff as in gim. 4. m as in man. 16. i as in Mn. 5. n as in not. 17. s as in sin. 6. r as in ran. 18. sh as in shine. l.p as in pan. 19. 3 as in zeal. 8. & as in bin. 20. z (zh) as in azure. 9. V as in van. 21. c/t as in church. 10./ as in fan. 22. j as in jest. 11. ( as in tin. 23. Tiff as in sing. 12. d as in din. 24. h as in he. In looking over this table, it wiU be seen that there are -TWELVE VOWELS, FOUR DIPHTHONGS, and TWENTT-FODS CONSONANTS. These are all the sounds which we hear in speech. They make up all our words. Name the TO wds. The diphthongs. The coneonanfB. How many of eafh ! THE ENGLISH WOaD. The words which we speak and write, are called English, words. We call them so because we got them from the English — a people who live in England. The word, English, was taken from the name of a tribe of people, called Angles. This tribe came over from the Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON BOOT-WOEDS. north of Germany and settled in what is now called Eng- land, in A. D. 450. (See Lingual Reader.) 46 ! What "lid the u NSTROCTION XIX The words which we use, like the people of our country, have come to us from different sources, We have borrowed words from all quarters. We have horrowed from almost every language under heaven. Merchants and travellers have brought us words from all parts of the earth, We have borrowed words from the Danish. Such are the words, dwell, flap, flahhy, gasp. We have borrowed from the Sicedish. Such are the words, hassock, lag. We have borrowed from thQ-Bulch. Such are the words, hehng, hlear, blush. We have borrowed from the Germo.n. Such are the words, fresh, toy, hooby. We have borrowed from the Celtic. Such are the words, hun, hug, kick, creak. We have borrowed from the French. Such are the words, J (OS, beef, bottle, sea.rch. We have borrowed largely from the Latin. Such are the words, globe, solar, rvhy, part We have borrowed also from the Ore^. Such are the words, sphere, poultice, peg, pirate. We have borrowed from the Spanish. Such are the words, iaste, musquito. Hosiecb, Google 22 ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. We have borrowed from tlie Italian. Such are the words, solo, stanza, piano, piano-forte. "We have borrowed from the Hebrew. Such are the VforAs, jubilee, chervhim. There is another scarce from which we have got a large part of our words — from the Angles and Saxons, ■ who settled in England A.D. 450. The words from this sonrce form the root of our h Kame the wureea from wlienoe we have borrowed words. What ci Bay of liie Angles and Saxons ? The name, Angh-Soimn,, is taken from the names of two German tribes, Angles and Saxons, who settled in England A. D. 450. Their language became the speech of England in A, D, 836. It is our mother-tongne. To make it richer, we have borrowed from time to time from other languages. Some of them are mentioned in the last Instruction. The Anglo-Saxon words number about twekiy-threb THOUSAND. 1. They are iJie words of home. Such arc the names of father, moUier, son, daughter, child, home. 2. They are the words of the heart. Such are the words, hve, hope, sorrow. 3. Tftey are ihe wards of every-day life. Such are the words, ox, farm, plotigh, husband, wife, house, hearth, cook, eat, sle^, walk. 4. 2'hey are the words of the senses. Such are the names of objects which we know through the seiises ; as, sun, moon, fire, water. Whence ia the name, Anglo-Sason I What can jaa say of Anglo-Saxon Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOI If we take the cluster of words, home, lio'mly, homeless, homelier, homeliest, koraeliness, the word, Aome, is the root of all the others. It is a root-word. A root-word is one thai gives rise to others. Thus, the root word, TATHEE, gives rise to fatherly, /atherless,unfath«rly. We are about now to enter upon the study of root-words of Anglo- Saxoa origin. What is a root-word S Give an inBtance. INSTRUCTION XXII. There are many words which can be sounded at once. Such are the words, son, child. There are also many words which cannot be sounded at once. Such are the words, father, mother. They are broken into parts, called syllables ; aa, fa-ther. A syllable is a word, or so mueh of one as can be sounded at once; as, Tiian, child-lilce. What ie n ayllable ! INSTRUCTION XXIII. If I sound the vowels, a, e, i, o, u, the voice is lengthened. If I sound the consonants, such as k, t, d, the voice is shortened. When I speak the word, father, the voice ia long on the syllable, fa, and short on the syllable, iAer, This is called quantity. Hosiecb, Google 24 ANGLO-SAXON BOOT-WOBDS. Quantity is length of voice as heard in htto-s and syllables. It is long, or short, and is marked thus, --- -^; as in dm- sUme. "What ia quantity ! Give an mstacce of the loti}/ flod iliort qAiasfitj of letters and sjllablej. What are the marks of qunntitj-f The voice, in sounding words of more than one syllable, changes its force. It is stronger on one than on another. This is called accent. Accent is force of voice on one or more syllables of a word. It appears on the syllable, ty, in the word, tyrant. Its mark is ', as on the word, minute. We sound all the letters and words by using the organ of speech. This organ is divided into three parts: 1. The part for breathing; as, the lungs and wind-pipe. 2. The part for voice , as, the larynx, glottis, and epiglottic. 3. The part for articulation, or jointing; as, the tongue, palate, teeUi and lips. In speaking words, these parts come together, and this is called articulation. Articulation is tlie joining of parts of Ike organ of speech tc form the sounds which moke words. Thus, in sounding (, I have to join the tip of my tongue and my upper gums. Articulation should be a daily exercise. The child should repeat the table of letters and sounds daily. What are the parte of the organ of epeeoh ! What ia ai Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON 110 OT- WORDS. If we notice the voice as -^6 sound the letters of the alphabet, we will see that it goes forth in different ways. It swells on o, glides on z, hisses on s, crushes on ch, and rings on N. This is called enunciation. Enwrniation is the way in which we give out Hie sounds of letters. It should be dear, strong and distinct; and form a daily exercise. ,! What should it be ! Letters are formed into words, and undergo some changes. A, for instance, has one sound in father, and an- other in fate. Th is sharp in tbin, but flat in thine. To mark these changes, and give the true sounds of letters in words, is the part of pronunciation. Pronunciation is ike giving of &e right sounds to letters in tuords, and accents io sylkthks. Thus, neither should be pro- nounced as if written nee'iher, and not as if written nayther, or neether. What is pronnneiation ! What two things belong to it} INSTRUCTION XXVlll. The spoken word comes to the ear. It is a sound, and can be studied. The branch of knowledge that tells ua aU about it, is called orthoepy. Hosiecb, Google AKGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOEDS. Orthoepy comes from two Greet words, and means cor- rect speaking. It teaches ns the spoken word— its sounds, syllables, quantity and accent. What is orfioepy! Wliiit does it teach ! What belongs to itf OBTHOGRAPHY. Tke written word is seen by the eye. It has form and parts, and can be studied. The branch of knowledge that tells us all about it, is caljed orthography. Orthography comes from two Greek words, and means correct writiTig. It teaches us the written word — its letters, syllables, quantity and accent. (See Lingual Eeader.) What \b orthography ! Wliat does it tench! What belouge to it! We cannot write words unless we know the sounds tliat make them, and the ktters which stand for these sounds. I hear, for instance, the word, ch,Ud. How shall I be able to write it ? By learning that it is made up of the sounds, - ; and that these sounds are written by the letters, ch, i, I, d. This is spelling. Spelling is naming the sounds that make a word, or writing the letters that stand for tliese sounds. Thus, I spell the word, thin, by naming the sounds, , or writing the letters, ik, i, n. Writing is the only sure way of learning to spell. What iBspelliEg! How many woja can jou apelH Wiiich ia the better way! Hosiecb, Google AJTGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOSDS. The sounds given to the letters in tlie alphabet are not the sounds which they have in words. The letter, h, for instance, is called aitch, in the alphabet, and ncTcr has this sound in words. Its true sound is heh; as in he. This is very troublesome to children in spelhng. Thus, we spell the word, hat, aitch, a, te, and pronounce it, hat. Phonetic spelling does away with this trouble. /( gives the true sound to each letter— '^^ sound which it has in the ■word. Thus, we spell in this way, the word, church, cheh, ii, er, cheh — church. Wliftt U phonetic epelling) Giv RUCTION XXXI Words are signs of things, and have a meaning. This must be known, or words are of little use to us, I have, for instance, the word, deck. How shall I use it ? Its mean- ing will be my guide. Deck means to dress or adorn. The child decks her head with flowers. The meaning of a word is what it stands for. It is best learned by seeing or feeling the thing. Thus, the word, tooth-ache, stands for a pain in a tooth. I know its mean- ing when I feel that pain, (See Sentential Eeader.) No word should be allowed to find its way into the mind without its meaning. What is the meaning of o word? How is it test learnedf Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. INSTRUCTION XXXI "Words arc a kind of tools. By them, we tliink and give siape to wliat we think. By words, we make known our thoughts and feelings. This is their use. The use of a word is the employing it to stand for what it was made to stand for. Thus, we all have feehngs. One of these is named hy the word, liJce, and another hy the word, love. I use these words, when I employ them to stand for the feelings, Wke and love ; as, when I say, I like my books and love my parents. Kg word should he allowed to find its way into the mind without a knowledge of its use. What IB the use of a word! How do wo use wordef WoEDS, as you have learned, arc the weapons or tools of the mind. It uses them to tell what it thinks and feels. It can do so only in sentences. A sentence is two or more words hy which we say something of sorrteUdng, Thus, My mother is sick, is a sentence. It says something of something. In the use of words, we use, in this hook, two kinds of sentences. The teacher uses an interrogative one ; and the child a declarative one. An interrogative sentence is two or more ivords by which we ask something about sojnething. Thus, Is home dear? Hosiecb, Google AKGLO-SASON ROOT-WOKDS. A declarative sentence is two or more words hy which we say something of something. Thus, Home ia dear. What ie iutfitcogati The end of the first part is reached. Here we may pause, and look babk upon our course. We have learned many things by the way. We have learned aU that is use- ful to us at present about the Ango-Saxon root-words of We arc now ready to begin their study,, and learn how to spell, define and use above one THOUSAJfD of the choic- est words in our language— the words of home, of the heaj:ti of the senses, of childhood and of daily Jife. What hayo we learned up to this plaoei What ace we now ready to begin! Hosiecb, Google Hosiecb, Google SECOND PART. STUDIES IN ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. Hoslec by Google Hosiecb, Google STUDIES AHGIO-SAXOI EOOT-WOEDS. The study of words may be made a very pleasing one Words are wonderful things. Some of them are tales, and some of them are histories. The Anglo-Saxon root- words, which we are now going to study, are dear ones. They are signs of many sweet things about home and the heart. These is no growth in knowledge without study. With- out it, there is nothing learned well. Study ^ fixing the mind on wliat we wish to inow, and learn- ing all we can about it. In this way, we study trees and animals ; in this way, we study our pains, hopes and sorrows. In the same way, we are to study words. What is study! Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. r D STUDY. There are about ONlii thousand words in this little book; and these are all to be studied. Their study is not bard. If you know bow to study one, you will find it an easy thing to study all the others, Au instance follows : If the written word, manly, is to be studied, we fix the mind upon it tbrough tbe sense of sight, and find out its Utkrs, syllables, accent, quantity, meaning and use. Thus, manly f is composed of tbe letters, m, a, n, I, y ; the syUar bles, man, ly ; has tbe accent on m&n ; tbe syllable man is abort, and ly is long ; tbe word means like man, and may be used thus — ^Robert is a manly child. If tbe spoken word is to be studied, we fix the mind upon it tbrough the sense of hearing, and find out its sounds, syllables, cc/xrtt, quantity, mmning and use: we also attend to articulation, ■ nunciation, pronunciation and spelling. Thus, tbe word, fa^er, is made up of tbe sounds, -, -, -,-,-; the syllables, fa, ther ; has the accent on fa ; fa is long and thcr is short; the word means the male parent of man, and is used in this instance — Faiher is kind. In speaking it, we join the organ of speech in eacb sound, enunciate it clearly, and pronounce it ihMa—fdiMr. "We spell it thus— feh, ah, fah, theh, S, er, Mr, fahther. There are some other things to be known in the study of words. They will come before us hereafter. What IB fltndyt How do -we study the written -word J Give an inatance. How do we stndy the spoken word! Give an inetanee. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON BOOT-WOBDH. THIRD STUDY. A PLAN is a great help in every tMng wo wish to do. If we work without one, we will not work well, A plan is a form^ copy or 'irwdel hy which we are guided in our work. The plan for the study of Anglo-Saxon root-words, is a very simple one. 1. The words are brought before the mind in groups. Thus, home, stead, homestead, house, form a group. 2. Each group of words belongs to some thing. Thus, the group of words, ham, shed, crib, rack and stall, belong to outhouses. Outhouses are the thing. 3. The names of things are first given; then tlie names of qualities; and lastly, the names of actions. Thus, under Home, we give the names of the things, home, stead, home- stead, house ; then the names of the qualities, sweet, dear ; and lastly, the names of the actions, draw, halloio. 4. The meaning of each word is given. First is given the meaning of the word when it was made ; as, husband, the house band or bond, binding tie family together ; and then the common meaning of the word ; as, husband, a man wedded to a woman. 5. The use of each word is also given. The teacher asks a question, in which he uses the word, and thus gives a model to the child. The child turns this question into an answer, and gives the same use of the word. Thus : Teachei: la a barn a place for grain ? Child. A bam is a place for grain. (See Readers.) r the plan for the Btudy of Anglo'Sllxoil root- Hosiecb, Google 86 ANGLO-SiJSON R00T-W0RD3. FO0ETH STUDY. A MODEL OF THE FLAH OF STODV. The child, in early life, imitates wKat he sees and hears. He learns ftom models better than from maxims or sayings. This is true of the plan of study. We accordingly bring it before the mind in a model. We select home and its ■words. HouE is the dearest spot on earth. The heart turns to it^ wherever we may be. HojcE, a coyar; tiio place where one liyes. Teaclier. — Is home a dear place! C/ti^ii— Home ia a dear place. Stead, a stand; room or place. Teacher. — Sliall I nnswor in your sUadf Child. — Ton may answer in my stead. Homestead, the place of home ; one's abode. Teaoher.—'Oo you like the old homxsleadf Child. — I do hke the old homestead. HoiTBE^ a dosed place; a bnilding to lire in. Teather. — Is your house large I ChUd. — Our honse is large. In this model, every thing is done for the child. In the following studies, every thing is done, but one, the answer to each question, and this is easy. The child has only to learn what is done, and be able to answer each question. Tell what is said about the model. The study for the day is pointed out to the child. It may be home and its words. These are to be studied. He Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SASON ROOT-WORDS. takes hia seat and opens his book. What i Words are to be studied. Study is JUdng the mind on what we wish to know, and learning all we can about it. In tliia case, the writien word is the tiling to be studied. The mind is fixed upon it through the sense of sigJd. What ia it? The written word is one or more letters med as a sign of the spolcen word. See Ins. VII. The written word becomes the spoken one, when we speak it. And what is this? The spoken word is a sound of the human voice, used as iJie sign of a thing. See Ins. 11. The steps in the study are easily marked. 1. The WKIiTEN word. In studying this, the mind ia fixed upon it through the sense of sight. We mark the letters, syllables, accent, quantity, meaning and use in the ques- tion of the teacher. See Ins. TIIL 2. The SPOKEN word. When we say the study, the writ- ten word becomes a spoken one. The mind is fixed upon' it through the sense of hearing. We mark its sounds, syl- lables, accent, quantity, meaning and use. See Ins. III. 3. The use of the word. This is shown to the child .in the question of the teacher, and is to he studied. The child learns what it means, and shapes an answer in the Hosiecb, Google 38 ANGLO-SASON ROOT-WOEDS. same words. Thus he learns to use words, the weapons of the mind. What is to be studiedi What is study! The writtea worft SpolieQ word! Thestepa! SISTir STUDY. The cMld or class is called out to recite a study. It may- be home. The recitation begins. The subject is home. Tiaeher. — Home. This is the snbjeet of study. Robert, what do yoii know about iti Child. — Home is the dearest spot ou earth. The heart turns to it, wher- Teacher. — la home a dear place ! Child. — Home ia a dear place. Thua, the recitation goes on till tlie study is ended. It is a pleasing talk, and cannot fad to bring light to the young mind. SEVENTH STUI Things are about ua every where. Their names are common and well known. They were the first words tbat we gathered up in childhood. What is a name? A «ame is what we call any thing by. Tree is a name, for we call a certain thing by it. (See Sentential Reader.) The child first gathered up the names of things. It Hosiecb, Google AKGLO-SAXON BOOT-WOKDS. 39 learned the names, pa, papa, ma, mamma, dog, and could call them. So oar knowledge of words began. So let onr study of words begin — begin with "the KAmes op things. But with what things ? Those of childhood. We begin with the names of the things of home, and go forth to the wide, wide world. "Wc end with God. Wliat ia a namet Do we begin to learn words ivith cames ! Things, in some form or other, are ever with us. When we speak, or write, words are their signs. Words and things go together. Words arc of no use, unless we know the things for which they stand; and things have little interest for us, unless we have words to make known what we know and feci ah oat them. Things are greater titan words. Words wait upon them. This being so, we wisely make them^omfc of interest around which we gather groups of words. They should be made as full of interest as they can be, so that we may not soon forget the words which belong to them. The THING should DC held up before the mind till its image is fixed upon the heart. Then its woeds will abide in our memory. "What do you taow about things and words ! Home is the nuesert of life. Here, our first hopes were born. And here, in scenes full of s Hosiecb, Google 40 AKGLO-SASON EOOT-WORDS. speak and gather up our first words. Here let us : and begin their study, for home is always dear. "How daar to this heart are the scenes of my obildliood, When fond racoUectioii raealls th«m to view ; The orchard, the meadow, the deep-tangled wildwood. And CTery loved spot that my infancy knew I" S. WOODB Repeat what is said about home. KINTII STUDY. Home is the dearest spot on earto. The heart turns to it, wherever we may be. "Where'er I roam, wiateyer realms 1 aeo, My heart unlraaeUed londlj turns to thee," Oi Repeat what is said about liome. Home, a cover ; the place "where one Hoiifstesd, the place of home. Uvea. Do jou lov« tbe old Jiemedeadi Is Aome a dear place ? House, a covering ; a building to live SiEiD, a stand; place or room. in. Is Robert in. your ilead? Is the houn large ! rENTH STUDY. Outhouses are a very useful kind of buildings. They belong to every fine home in the country. Neat outhousea adorn a place. What is said aboat outhouses! Hosiecb, Google AKGLO-SASON BOOT-WORDS. 41 outride. Is llie sJied low ! of the house owi/ Chib, that whioh eatehes ; the manger or tos out of which cattle feed, la the mi long? Is the owiSoMse old ! Eace, sometlimg stretched ; a framo Barn, a place for barley ; a house for from which cattle eat hay. grain and cattle. Was the rani: bui'nt ! Is the 6a™ newt Stall, a stand; a stand for a hots« Sued, a shade or coyer ; an open place oi an ox. for cattle. Is the slaU narrow f ELEVESTE E are many kinds of bouses in which man dwells. They range from the Indian wigwam to the royal palace. "A straw-roofed cabin with a lowly wall, Mine is a fair and pillared hall, . Where many an image of marble glaame. And the Gunsliine of picture for ever streams." Hemaks. Repeat what is said of liinds of houses. Hut, a small cover; a email poor Hail, a tent; a large house where place to live in. courta of Justice meet ; also a nobis Have the Irish It-uls ? dwelling-house, HoTM, an open house, or cave; a Ib the ftoW a noble house! rude house to live in. Castle, a closed place ot defense ; a laaAoiw^low! fortified house, or princely build- CoT, something cut off for a cover ; a iog. very small, rnde house. Are there many cialles in Eng- Do poor people live in wis i land f COTTAOE, a eoyer to lire in ; a small Cnraicit, the Lord's house ; a house in house in which the poor live. which God is worshipped. Are eotiagei pretty) Is the church holy! Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON SOOT-WORDS. ■ E L F T H Mam is a social being. He likes to be near liis fellow man, and builds near him. Social homes arise, villages, towns and cities. " Sweet Auburn, loTeliest yiU^e of tJie plain, Whare health and plenty oieer tie lab'ring awain." GOLDSUITH. Repeat wti^t is eaid about groups o( bouses. tjiHiiiT. a little house ; a email num- Is the (tnon Daisy ! ber of houses together. BoKoncB, a closed place ; a town hav- Is the hamlet small! ing ita own rulers, Town, a fortified hill; a group of Is the Joj'oiijA large! bouses larger than a village. THIETEEKTII STUDY. The house has many parts ; and all its parts have their jaes. The names of these form a fine group of words " Through that door Was shown :«*»•" That deep descent leads to the dripping Taults ; Lends to a covered bridge, the Bridge of Sigha ; And, to that fatal closet Kt ihy foot. An iron door. But let us to the roof; And when thou hast savvejed the sen, the land. Visit the narrow pells." RoGEns' Italy. .aid about parts of the hi Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. 43 Sm^ drawn out; the long part of a Is the jooni low! thiDg. Bed, a spread ; a tick filled wlflihuir. Has a liouae two sides/ woo], straw or fealiere, on which Omt, forth ; on the outside. to sleep. Cao 70U go auif Is a feather ted Bofl ! OmsmB, the side without a thing. Bedboou, epaoo for a spread ; a room May tlie outside of a house be to sleep in. atonat Is jour bedroom laige! In, inclosed; inside. KnoiEs, a cooking-room; a room Were you in the house! used to cook in. IssiDTn the aide within a thing. May a Htclten be small! la the inside of a house clean! Court, a circuit ; anuueovered space Eko, the pointy or limit ; the narrow before a house, part of a tiling. Do children play in the court ! Eae a bouse two eiub/ IIeaktii, earth; the paTcmcnt or atone Boo^ an opening ; a passage into a on which the £rc is made. house. Doea tiie fire bnrn on the hearth! la the door painted ) Roof, stretched oyer ; the ooTer of a Post, set or firm ; an upright stiek of house, timber. Is the roof of that house flat ( Is the post square ! Floob, spread out ; the bottom part DooB-FMT, the upr^ht part of the of a house or loom. door-frame. Is tJie^oor wooden! Do you see the doorpost ! Gate, a gap or passage ; a lai^e door. SjM, that is laid down ; the wood or la the ijate new ! stone under a door or window. Latdu, a catch; a bar to fasten a Is the sill of the wipdow wet! door. Room, place or space ; a part of the la the ?o^A made of iron ! space in a house. FODRTEENTTI KTXTDY. A BUILDING in itself does not form a home. FiiTniture is also needed. " Yet I saw the idle loom Still in its place; his Sunday garment hung trpon the aelf-samo nail ; bis very staff Stood undisturbed behind the dooi-." WoanswoKiH. Repeat what is said about household-stuff. Hosiecb, Google u ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOHOS. HoDSE, a ooTering; a building for atoraga or dwelling. Do we livH in a house ? Hold, grasp; what is ambraoed or Is jour Tiold firm ? HonsEnoLB, tliosa contained in a bouse ; tbe persona who lire in it- Do those who live in a house maliB the household? SrWif, tbat which fills; household Bliall we teep useless aluff? HonsEHoui-STi;FF, the things iu a house. Are chairs kitasthoJd-ahif ? Bkd, a spread; that on which we Are leds useful things? Bolster, that whieh raises up; a ^jushion for the head. la the holster soft ? Pillow, a stuffing; a small cushion for the head. Are pilloics stuffed with feathers I Sheet, a cloth ; a liuen or cotton un- der coyer for a bed. Are sheeli made of muslin ) WiBH, a flowing ; a cleansing with Did you see the icashf Stand, a station ; a place or frame oa whieh an.y thing may be laid. 1b the itand small t Washstand, the frame or table at which one washes. Is the washstand light i Bowl, a hollow; a Teasel to hold Is the bouil broken ! Stool, a seat ; a seat without a back. Is the ^ool made of wood! Stoth a fised place ; that in which Do we burn fire in a slove ? F\s, spread out; a broad hollow vessel. Is the milk pan new! Ckadls, a rocking ; the bed on which small chUdren are loeted. Does the cradle injure the head! CiiocK, a pot; an earthen veaael. Is the crock made of earth ? Disn, something fiat; a broad open vessel to eat ofF. Are dis/iet easily broken f FoBK, a parted rod; tbat with which wo Jift our food. Are forks made of silver f Knu^e, that which nips; that with which we Mt any thing. Is the knife made of steell CiT, a bending; a small vessel out of which we drink. Do we drint tea out of a cup ? Tongs, shafts ; a tool of two shafts joined at one end. Are the tongs made of iron! Hosiecb, Google AHGLO-SAXON K00T-W0RD3. A ruRNiSHED house always leads us to look for a hous© tiold — a family bound together by love. "And oh, the afmosplioi'e of homel how bright It floats around us wlien wo sit together, Under a. bower of vine in BUmmer iveather. Or round the heartJi-atone on a winter's nightl" Fake Benjamin Repeat what is said about the household. FIFTEENTH STUDY. i are many dear names in the household — names of love. "He entered in his house — hLs home no more, For without hearts Uiere is no home." Bthon. Repeat what ie said about the household. HouBEHOLD, the persons who live jn Hotdee, fJic source ; the female pa* a house. rent of man. Is the household lai'ge ! Is a mother dear ! Hli-SBAKD, the house band; a man Son, light; the male child, joined to a woman by marriage. May a son be idle! la a /aisband the head of the DAnoHiEB, grace ; the female child. family ) la a good daughter a blessiug ) WitE, one who weaTee; a woman Bboiheh, brood ; a male child haralg joined to a man in marriage. f^e same parents. Does the lai/e love her husband! Is jour, iro(^r kind! Child, issue; a son or a daughter. Sistee, set; a female chUd haYing tlio Is a good child loved ! same parents. Faiher, one who feeds; tlie male Should you love your fiisisrf parent of man. Baibn, born ; a child. Do you loYO yaur father ? Is the bairn good? Hosiecb, Google 46 ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOEDS. Kli, bind, or olaea ; those connected Eindhed, those of the Eame fami with ua by blood or marriage. relations. Sliould our hi'i be dear to \is t Do you love your kindred? IXTEENTH STUDY. Servants form a very useful class of men and Repeat what is said about aeryants. Cook. boUirg; one' who makes food Plough, that which thruats; a, too ready. to tarn up the ground, la a coot useful! Is thcy^oujft useful? Maid, able ; a female aervant. Man, a form or shape ; a male of the Is the chamher-maid joungf linman raee. KiiOHEK-MAiu, the girl in the cook- Is a man strong ! ing-room ; one who worta in the Plouqbu/ik, a man who guides n kitchen. plough. Is the kitchen-maid fiiik^ ShouldthejjIoMjSjnanbeBtrongt Honsi-iTArD, the girl for the whole Cak, that which riina ; a, vehielo house ; one who keeps a lioneo moyed on wheels, clean. Is the cor d:-awn by one horae ) Is the house-maid busy ! Cabhas, a man who drives a ear. Washer, one who washes. Are there many carmen in oitiea 1 Is the woman a good washer ? Team, offspring; yoked horses o WoMAK, the source of man; the fe- oxen. male of man. ban OS feom strong! Istoomonkindt Teambtkg, one who gnides, or wh Washer-woman, a woman who washes drives a team. clothes. Does the teameter work hard f Is the waahsr-uiojnan poor! Shket, a well-known useful animal. HiKBi price; wages for work. Are sheep elotlied with wool) Do servants get hire ? HcHiJ, one who keeps. HiKELiNS, a little paid man ; one who Shepheed, a sheep keeper; a ma works for wages. who takes care of sheep. Is a Mrstbi-g honest f Is thesAepAerrfkindl Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WORDS. 47 Foot, that wJiicli treads ; the part of Stewabd, a place keeper ; a maa who the body on which we stand. manages house affairs. Do jou lika a small /wi? Should the e(eurarJ be faithful! FooTUAN, a Beryant who waits on Henod^an, a serving man ; one who foot serves another. Did the foolmaa open the door ! Should a kenehman be true ! SEVENTEENTH STUDY. One of tlie first cares of a household is food. " Every moving thing that liveth shall be meat for jou; even as the green herb have I given jou all things." — Bibie. What is said of food ( Food, what feeds; tliat which ive eat Loaf, ashapedniass; a mass of dough baked. "What is foodl la the loaf large! Ekead, a lump of food ; a tiud of Ham, the thigli of a pfg salted and food made from flour. smoked. What is fii-eotjmade of! Do jou like ham? Baku, what works or boils; yeast or Milk, what is got by stroking; the leaven, white flnid from female animals. Is barm used to raise bread) Is milk used in tea! Meat, what we eat; any kind of Bdttkb, what is made by striking; food; flesh of animals, the oily substance taken from milk Is m(ai Iiealfhy ! by churning. Dough, a tough mass; leavened flour Is butter maie from milk! kneaded, but not baked. Cheese, drawn or cnrdlfld ; the press- Is bread made from douijk ? ed curd of milk. Do we make theese from milk ! EIGHTEEKTH STUDY. (Jlothins, nest to food, is an early care of the house- hold. Hosiecb, Google Wliatis ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. Needs not tJie foreign aid of ornament^ But 19, wljen unadorned, adorned the most'' lid of cJotbing ! gmade Clot^ iviat eovere of wool, flax or cotton. Is cloth warm? CLOTHia, coyering for tlie tjody. Are jour clothes fjdy( Clothing, all kinds of garments, or coverings foe tlie bodj. Have you rouct clothing ? Maktle; what shuts ; a oloai, or loose coTering for the botiy. la tbe mantle made of silk ? Belt, what is drawn round; a band worn round the waist Do you wear a belt I C*p, end or point ; a low cover for the bead. May the boy wear hia new cap I Sleeve, the hand ; that part of the dress which covers the arm. Are long sleeves warmest! TuTiiT, the top; a garment foi- the la the tippet made of fur! Hoop, a head-eover; o covering for the head of a woman. May a hood be thick ! Hose, a heel-coycring; a covering for the leg. Are woollen hose warmest! Glove, a cover ; aeoverfortbehand. Doj^oMSS keep your hands wannl SuoE, something put on; a covering for the foot. Are shoes made of leather ! Hat, a cover or dcfcnaa ; a cover for tlie bead. DocB the boy wear a hatS Shrohd, what wraps ; the dreea of the dead. Are the dead put in shrouds i The house, food, clothing and fumiture, are all little or nothing compared -with man. He ia the greatest study of life. "The glory, jest and riddle of the world." Pope. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOEDS. JETEENTH Man was made in the image of God ; but sin has taken away his beauty and holiness. "IIow poor, how ricli, how abjeef, how august, How complicate, how wonderful is man! A beam ethereal, enUied aud abeorbedl Though sullied and dishonored, etill divine I" Youso. Man, a form or shape; a male of the Gckst, one who goea oat; a visitor human race. from a, distance. Hub man a soul ! Should wa welcome a ffueat I WoaiN, souree of man ; a female of Heatues, a dweller on the heath ; the human race. one who doea not know the true Can HJoniofi love S Goi Felxow, one who follows ; a com- Shall the heathen be oonverted t panion of the same kind. Knave, a boy, a jonth ; a rogue, or Where iByoiir/«?iow! person who is not honest Gawk, a cuckoo; a poor simple per- Do jou like a knime? eon. Churl, a male or strong man ; a rude ill-bred man. Do yon lite a churl? corailJ7mao. Keigbeob, a near ruBtio or farmer; Were the Sasona loirs? one who Uvea near another. SwAiN,aboy; a joung farmer. Who is jonr nsjpAior .^ Is the swain, happjf TWENTIETH The body is the habitation of the soul. The old Saxona called it the soul's house. Hosiecb, Google 60 ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. Bavea round the walls of her «lay tenement. Bona to each avenne, and ehrielis for ielp," liiArn. What is Gaid of the body of man ! Bc»T, tlmt 13 fised ; tlie frame of an Fkaue, joined ; the steleton of bones. animal or man. la the frame of the bodj made le the iody wonderfully made ? of bones t Skin, a covering ; the oovering ot the Flesh, soft ; the soft part of the body. body. Should the stinbe kept clean! Vomjlesh covar the bonaa ! TWENTY- Thb head of man is the seat of the soul. "Remove yon ebull from out the scattered heaps! Is that a temple where a god may dwell ) Look on its broken arch, its ruined wall, Ita chambera deaolate, and portals fonl; Tes, this was onoe ambition's airy hall. The dome ot thought, the palace of the soull" Bybon. "What ia said of the head ! Heau, the top; the upper part of the Mouth, an outlet ; the outlet of the Is thesoulfoundin the Aeacf/ Is the sense of taate in the Lip, border ; the border of the mouth. month ? Is your lip red S Tonqde, a point or projection; ths Nose, a ridga ; the ridge of the face. instrument of speech and taste. Is the nme the seat of smell \ Is the tangus the chief organ of NosTBiL, the Dose-hole ; the pasaaga taste! through the nose. Cheek, a side ; the side of the face Uo we breathe through the bos- below the eyea. tHU ? Ia there a bone in the ehfekf Tooth, a shoot ; a bony subatance Chin, an edge ; the lower part of tha growing out of the jaw. face. Does the Inoik ever ache t Is Jane's thin amsill ? Hosiecb, Google ASGLO-SASON ROOT-WORDS. 61 Bbow, a ridge; the ridge over the ejv. Eab, a elioot; the organ of heaiiag. Is the broa formed of short la the ear verj delicate) hairsi Biud;, the fore part; the ^ft hub- Eye, a fount ; the organ of tears and atanoe in the skull. sighl. la iliB bfaiii in the head I Does the sense of eight reside in Throat, swallow ; the front part of the eye? the neel:. Neck, the knob, or nape; tlie part Is the (Aroo( in iJie neekt of the body between the head and Nape, a knob; the high joint of the the chest. nect behind. Is m J nici short f Is the nape of the neck behind t TWENTY-SECOND STUDY. The chest contains the lungs and the heart. " How his gfeat heart Beats thick I Jijs roomy oheet by far too scant To give the lungs full play." Blmsi. What is aaid of the ehest? CuisT, a trunk ; that pact of the body Bbeath, Yapor ; tie air taken iu and frum the neok to tlie skiinach. thrown out of the luugs. la the ehfst the scat of the heart? IIejrt, strong; the vessel that holds Bbeast, a bunch or swelling ; the fore the blood. part of the ehest. Is blood carried away from the la there a bone in the breait? heart by arteries ! Bace, a ridge ; the hinder part of the Ltvbb, weight ; a large red organ chest. which separates hile. Should we turn our bach to a Is the liver in the right ridel person! Gail, yellow; a bitter bottle-green Rib, side border; a hone whichforms fluid. part of the frame of the chest. Is the gall bitter? Arc there twenty-four rifts? Blood, that which flows; the red Sios^ drawn out ; part where the ribs fluid that fiowa from the heart, are. Is blood conveyed to the heart Which is your right side ? by -vdns ) IiTiNoa, long ; the organs of breath- Lots, leaning in ; the side below the ing, consisting of air cells, ribs. Are there two hmgsf Do tha loins lean inward ! Hosiecb, Google ANGL0-3AS0N ROOT-WORDS. fENTT-THIRD STUDT. The hand is a wonderful work. No tool in the world is so skilfully made. "Ipoao up to open to , m j bBloyed ; and mj- hands dropped with, myrrh, and my fingera with Eweetsmelling mfrrh."~BiELif. What ia s^d of the upper limbs! Lmk, s hranoh; a brandi of the l3 the Aunti ueefiilS body. FiNOEE, that which takes; one of the Are there four limbs ? extreme parts of the hand. Arm, a joint ; the linjb reaching from Have jou ten Jlrtgers f the shoulder to the hand. Thdmb, an inch; the short thick How many arms have you! finger. Shodidek, a shield; the joint con- le the tkvmb shorter flmn the necting the arm and body. other fingers? Ifl there a lai^e bone iu the Fisr, fast or firm ; the closed hand. thoaltkrf Can yon knock with your Elbow, the arm bow; the angle fist! made by bending the arm. Knuckle, a ooapling ; a joint of the Does the elboa contain bones ( finger. Hand, that which seizes ; the end of Do you rap with your kmicklei? the arm, palm and fingers. T "W E N T T - P O U K T H STUDY. The lower limhs of the body arc wisely framed for car- rying US &om place to place. " Hold up my goings in thy paths, that my footsteps slip not;" — Bibi it. What is said of the lower limbs! Hosiecb, Google AHGL0-SA50N EOOT-WOEDS. 53 Tmo^ thick ; that part hctween tbe Shik, a splint ; tie round bone on the body and 1^. knee. Are both thigks alike ! la tbe skin tbe largest bone in HtP, lump; tbe fleshy part of (be the leg? thigh. Abkle, a ball or clew; the joint be- Ib the hip formed bj the tbigh tween the leg and foot, bone! Are there three bonea in tbe Knee, a knob or bunch ; the joint of ankle f the thigh and leg. Foot, that which treads; the lower Can th« knee be broken! end of the leg. Step, stretch or distance ; the space Haa the fool ten toest between the fooL Heel, a lump; tbe hind part of tbe Toe, a sprout; one of the extreme foot. parts of the foot Where ia tbe keel? Are there ten toes? rWBNTT-PIFTH STUDY. The body changes from work to rest, and from play io sleep. "All the world's a stage. And all the men and women merely players; They have tbeir exits and their entrances." SniKSPEAKE. What is said of the states of the body} Woke, cxerciEe ; labor or active use Sleep, loose; repose ifoni the use of of strength. body and mind. Is vmrk a means of health! Does sleep refresh us! pL*r, a bending ; eseccise for plea- Hejlth, that is whole ; a sonnd state sure. of the body. Do you lite yaj;/ Are you in good AeoZfft / EisT, a ceasing; repose from la- Stben Gin, that is stretched; power bor. of body, Do we take rest at night! Has a sick person much aft-sHjiA / Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOEDS. TWENTY-SIS TH STUDY. Disease follows the steps of health in this world, " Far from liiB friends he strnyetl, reoordirg tiros The dear remembraiiBe of hia natiye fields To eheec tlie tedious night; while slow disease Preyed on his pining vitala." Bkuce. What ia said of disease ! Sick, loathing ; touched with disease. Buin, a awdling; a sore on tha Is it painful to be sick ? skin. Pain, a Btcjuning; an uneKsj feeling. Did God send hlains on Egypt) Have the sick taanj paiml Pimplf; a little point; a little rising Pabq, a torture ; greatpain oragon/. on the skin. Do pangs oftan trouble ua ! Uo pimples break out on the AcHit, a pressing ; constant pain. face! Is man subject to aches f Oboup, a croaking; a disease ot the Aqiie, a shaking; a cold fit. throat. Is ague common to many per- Are children troubled with the eons! croup? TWEHTY-SEVENTII The senses are the instruments of the soul, (Sec First Thoughts.} "Even so the soul in this contracted state. Confined to these strait instruments of sense, More dull and narrowly doth operate; At this hole hears, the sight must ray from hence. Here tastes, there smella— She ja o;ie orb of sense, all eye, all airy ear." Dh. Henky Mork Repeat what is said about the senses. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXOM EOOT-WOEDS. 55 Smell, warm ; the sense by which Hearing, a pointing the ear ; iie odors nre noticed. sense by which we pereeiyfl sounds. le the sense of smell found in the la hearinff foond in the ear ! nose! Seebjg^ seeking; noticing by the SMELtisG, the sense by which we per- eje. ceitc odors. Does the Eense of teeing lie in Is mnellingoni of the five senaesf the eye ! Man is more than a living creature. "And tlie Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and treatiied into ids nostrils the Ijreath of life, and man became a living soul," " Life is real ; life is earnest, And the gT'are is not its goal, Diist thon art^ to dust rctumest. Was not spoken of the soul." Longfellow. What is said of the soul 3 TWENTY-KIGIITH STUDT. The soul is the chief glory of man. Repeat what is said of the soul. Soul, life; that part of man tvhioh Heaki, strong; that part oi man thinliB and acta. wMeh feels. Does the sou/ die ! la the Aeari of man evil! lIisD, possessing; that part, of man Whl, iised or set; that part of the which knows. mind by which we plan. Shonld you fill your mini with Does the viill plan to do tilings i Itnowledge ! Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SASON BOOT-? T W E N T y- N I B" T H STUDY. The soijI undergoes many changes and passes from one state to another. It is cheerful this moment, the next it is gloomy acd sad. Wliftt is said of the states of the soul ! Mood, having spirit ; temper of the Ekeling, a preaalng ; noticing tilings BouL by the senses. Should we live in ahappy mtW? Do all poaesa feeling ? Sin, missing ; departure from that Wiluno, setting ; choosing eome- ■whioh is good and right thiog. Does God hate sm/ Is the aoul inilUngf Bliss, blithe ; mirth of mind. Wis^ searching ; knowing or having Do we hope for bUss in heaven! knowledge. ToraKiNa, drawing out; using the la God a ttijc being! power of mind in forming notions. Don. doom or judgment; state or Are we always thinking! dominion. TaocQHT, that ia drawn out ; that "Wisdom, state of reaching toward, or which is .produced by thinking. knowing; right use of knowledge. Have we all some thought ? Docs wisdom come Irom God ! THIRTIETH STUDY. The soul of man is a tiling of wonderful powcre. Many feeling lodge ■within it. "By degrees the mind Feels her young neryes dilate ; the plastic powers Labor for action : blind emotion heaves Hia bosom; and with loveliest fceniy oaaght, From earth to heaven he rolls his frenzied eye." What is said of the powers of the aoul f Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOEDS. 57 Feeung, a presBing ; that which we Lust, a longing ; a longing deaite. learn by the senses. Should we gratify all lusUf Have aU/ee/in^/ SsmE, melting; a cheerful play of Shame, a bluah; & feeling of guilt, the lip'a. Haye you no shame? Do you lite to see a tmile? Pbide, adorned; great thoughts of Tejh, a drop; a fluid that is seen in oneself. the eye, the sign of joy or grief. Is pride sinful ? Can yon dry up your tears ? Hatb, hot; great dialite. Belief, leaving with ; an assent of the Is hate to a person wrong? mind to what is true. LOTE, ft leaning; delight in any Is your WiV/ strong t thing. 'Viu, mind or knowledge. Is lose a feeling 1 Haa he much wit I Soaaow, sore or heavy; pain of mind Liucffploose; an espresslon of mirth, for some loss. Do you like to hear a mar Has a mother many soiroics / laugh ? Hope, a reaching forward; espeota- LAnoHTEE, audible mirth, tion of future good. Can you make laughter? Does hope eheer iisf f kiend, freed one; one free to love Fbak, a bearing down; a paiufulfeel- aad be loved, jng in view of future evil Are true fne«4s often found i Has the sinner many /ears ? Seif, shape ; state or office. GiiD, lifted up ; cheerful. FaiENDsHtp, love between two or mora Doea hope make our hearts gladl peraona. GtADSESs, a kind of delight. li friendship sweet! Doesj^oineaseTerbeamuponust Man can te stadied beat in tlie business of life. Work and rest alike show what he is. "Let UB then be up and doing, With a heart for any fate; SlJll achieving, still pursuing. Learn to labor and to wait." Lo>iqf£li.ow. What is said of buaineaat Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SASOK ROOT-WORDS. THIRTT-FISST STUDY. The care of the soil is a very old cailiEg. " Abel was a keeper of sheep, and Cain was a tiller of the groimd." " Oft did the harvest to the aiokle yield, Their barrow oft the Btubborn glebe had broke ; How jocund did tbey drive their team a-field, How bowed the woods beneath thoir atordy Btiohe." Geay. FAEUiNa, getting bread ; the bu^ees RtSNO, reaching ; the act of gather- of tilling the land. Is farming ahealthyoocupation! ing bay or grain, la raking a work of the farmer ! Fabu, bread ; a trad of land tilled Sheep, a well-known and useful by OM n,.n. Is the farm large ! THBEamNO, beating, or treadii^ ; act of beating out grain, la threshing hard work i MowiNQ, a heaping ; the act of tjug down grass. la mmiAng heavy work ! EEAFINe, c grain wifli a la reaping li, PtooaBiso, thruEting; the ! turning up the ground i light work ! £ ploughing a work of the 1; Are theep gentle? Herb, a keeper. Shepheed, a aheep keeper ; one who takes care of ebecp. Did the star at Christ's birth ap- pear to fkfphfrds! IiAKD, cleared place ; ground that is tilled. Is land dear I LoKD, a bread giver ; a master or ruler. Is lord a title in England t Landlobd, « bread giver to those who liold his land ; the owner of land or houses. Should the landlord be kind I Hosiecb, Google AKGLO-SAZON ROOT-WOBDS. RTY-SECOND Man, in a rade state of society, depends for support on fishing and hunting. Nimrod, wc are told, was a mighty hunter.. "There wag an old Iranter camped down by the riU, Who fished in this water, and shot on that hill ; The forest for Mm had no danger or gloom, For all that he wanted was plenty of room." Uoffmin, Eepeat what is said. HnKTiKQ, thrusting ; the chase of wild FjSk, rapid orliyely; an animal that animals. lives in water. Was huitling an early employ- FisniNo, the practise of taking fish, ment? Isfiskiiiff pleasant! HuNTEB, one who chases wild aoi- Fisueb, one who takes fish, raals. Docs the jJs/io- pass through dan- Are there many /mntera at the gers! THIBTY-TniRD STUDY. Man", in early lite, shows a taste for budding, boat and carriage engage his care. Repeat what is said. HocsB, a covering ; a building to live HousBWKiairr, one who builds houses in. Is the hoiueieright useful ) Is your house made of brick ? MiLi., that softens ; a machine foi Wright, work; a workman. grinding grain. la the vnight busy? Have jou ever seen a mill/ Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-H e who builds mills. I vessel Has a ship BaUsi Does tie shipurrigkt need muoh timber ! FmuB; joined; tie timbers of a build- ing joined together. Is the frame strong ? Board, broad; a piece of timber builds 6hip3. eawed thin. Have jou ever seen a board! THIBTY-FOdRTH STUDY. There were workers in metal in the family of Lameoh. "Weet in, week out, from mora till night, Tou can hear his bollows blow ; Yon can hear him swing his lieaTj sledge With measured beat and slow." Longfellow Hepeat what is said. SHiTHiNa, a Btriking; the pructioe of working in metals. Did smithing arise yery eaiiy ! Smtth, a stroke; one who works in metals. Is a tmith a mechanic ? Blace, liyid, or wan ; dark, or with- out light Is night blaci:? Blactcsuith, one wLo worlds in iron. Does the blacksmith need a forge! SiLTEE, a bright white metal. Is iilver a useful metiil ! SiH-EBSuiTE, one who works in silver. Can the tilaersmithiaake Bjjoons ! .Gold, bright yellow; abrightyello Arc pencils made of gold I Goldsmith, one who works in gold. Does the goldmiith beat out golc Coffee, named from Cyprus; a pal red colored metaL Are pennies made of copper I CoPFKESMiTH, one whi: s the coppsTsmifA make many of om' vessels ! Lock, shut; any thing that fastens. Has the door a lock? LoCKSMTTH, one who makes locks. Can fie looksmith fit in a key t Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON R00T-W0KD3. THIRTY-FIFTH Bark of trees, fibres, leaves and other raw materials were wrought up into useful articles of clothing in the early ages of the world. Repeat what ia said. WEAVDta, mitviag back and forward ; Clock, a click or stroke ; an iDsfru- the practice of uniting thread into ment that marts time by atrikiag. clotii- Does the clock stand on the Is weaving a verj useful employ- mantel ! ""ent f Clockhakkii, one who makes elooka. Spinnin-o, drawing out; the practice Book, beecli, beech bai-k ; IboughtB of twisting fibres into threads. printed and bound. Is spinning Uttie heeded now ! Is a boob made of paper \ Snoe, eoTecing ; a coyering for tlie Bookmaker, one who makes books, foot Is a boohmaker called an author! Is a shoe made of leather ? Hat, a cover, or defense ; a high cover Makee, one who strains or strives i for the head, one who shapes any thing. Do yon like a ailk hat! Do you know a maker of shoes 1 Hattkb, one who makes hats, SuoEHAKEE, One who makes slioes. Is the hatter a. mechanic r Can the shoeinaher mate many Hail, claw ; a pointed piece of metal, kinds of shoes ? Is the nail useful U) the houae- Watoh, guard or watch ; an inatru- wright ! ment that marks time. Kailbh, one who makes nails. Is a watch useful ! What does a Tutiler make f WATCiiMAKEB,onewhomakeswatcheB. Tuenbe, one who rounds; one who Will the vjatchsadker mend your forms things with the lathe. watehi Does the turner make tops! THIRTY-SIXTH STUDY. War too soon became a calling of man. The ; turned against wild beasts, were pointed at the homes Hosiecb, Google 62 ANGLO-SASON ROOT-WORDS. "Ho solemn host goes triuling ty The Maek-mouthcd gun and staggei'irg wain ; Men fltnrt not at the battJe-cry : 0, te it neTer heard again!" Biitant. Repeat what ia Eaid. WiE, a Gtmggle; the practice of Poe, hat*d; an enemy, or one wlic Is loar orue! ? Is Uie foe near 1 Shot, that ia darted ; a ball or bullet Feun, hate ; a deadly quarrel thrown from a gun. Shoold we tate part in a feud? le shot used in war f ^«""' ''»'«'' ' ^ "''"^'^^ *'<"'■ SuooTiNo, dartmgi the act of foing I^ Satan a>«d? arrows. FiGnr, strife or atru^le; a struggle list Dom THIRTY-SEVE«TH STUDY. As sooa aa man had mere of any tliiag than he needed, \e thought of its sala Trade arose. "Travelling merchants have done much in all ages to add to tta comfort od knowledge of man." What is said of buying and selling? OYiNG, possessing; the act of get- Shop, shape; a building in which ting things by paying for them. goods arc ehaped or sold. Is the merchant baying many Ts the shop very large ! tiiinga ? SiiOFPiNo, going to shops ; going tt TtiQBT, that bears down ; the quan- shops to bny goods, titf of any thing found by weigh- Do ladies go shopping ? ingit. MoNQEE, a trader; a dealer in any Is there a tan wtight of but- thing, teri lias the monger a stall f lELLEia, giving ; giving any thing for Fish, rapid or lively ; an animal that a prioe. livos in water. la/sSgood to eat! Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SASON BOOT-WORDS. 6; FcsHMOSGER, onfl wlo deals in fieh. Ikosmosqer, a dealer in iron. Does ths fiskmoitger go about tte Does an ironmonger df si in iron streets t Boot, amende, op more; profile o Ittos, Btnick or beaten ; a hard gray- something more. JBh and useful metal. Is boot given in trading! Is iron more -useful than gold? THIRTY-EIGHTH STUDY. In the early ages of tlie world, parents taught their own children. Parents were toth teachers and ministers. What ia said of teaching ! "Early had he learned To reverence the volume that displaya The mystery, the life -whieh oannot die; Bat in the mountains did he feel his faith." WoHDSwoarn. TKAomNG, leading or drawing ; giving Mokk, separate; a man who retires knowledge. from the world to attend to re- Is teaching useful! ligion. ToACQEii, one who leads ; one \pho Do nuclei Hve in an abbey ! gives knowledge. Non, not up, or mature; a woman Ib a teacher kind? who retires from the world to at- Pbiest, one who stands before others ; tend to religion. one who wiuts at the altar. Does the mm live in a convent! Did thepnsfi wait on the dying Leahsing, giving or getting know- man? ledge; gaining knowledge in any Canon, a reed or measure ; a church way. law; also a minister in the Ji learning ase^aU ohurch. Leaknek, one who gets knowledge; a Should we obey the canon of the person who is getting knowledge, church ! Is a child a leamfr I THIRTY-NINTH STUDY, The doctor, lawyer and author arose after the teacher. Hosiecb, Google SGLO-SAXON EOOT-WORDS. "A placid E rtillnees reigns, Until the mnn of Goi i, worthy the name, ArisB and read the anointed ehephcrd'a laya." Repeat what is said. Law, Bet or laid; a rule of life. What docs a beadle Aoi Is the Zou. good! Cason, a roed or measure ; a kind of LAWyEH, a law man; one who prac- miniBter in the church. tises law. Does the canon preach! Does the lawi/er plfadf Bjsiiop, an oyerseer ; an overseer in HsAiKK, one who makeB whole; one Ihe tliurch. who cares diseases. Is the bishop an overseer! Is the doctor a healer I Elder, more old; an officer in the Beadle, one who bids or oi-deha; a church. crier in a court of law. Should an eZdcr be pious! F R T I K T H STUDY. KiKGDOMS were formed at an car]y age of the world. Puljlic men arose as officers. :ain height n And Bet the stars of glory there." Kepeat what is said of the state. Kwo, able; the chief ruler in a ca- Yeoman, common; an officer in the bo-a. king's house. Has the king supreme power! Will the yemnan woit upon the Queen, a woman ; a female ruler. king f Does a jMsen rule in England ! Loan, bread giyer; one haying au- Eakl, noble; a nobleman of the third prcme power, rank. Has the lord a eastle ? Does the eaW servo the Mug! SnKi«FF, a shire holder; an officer Ehight, a boj; a man of rank bear- who esecntea law in a comity, ing arms. Is the sheriff faithful ( Ifl the hnight brare t Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. 65 Peovost, place Wore; the eLief of- Does ihevialchgo about the city fieer in a town or college. at night I Does the provost oversee things ? WAioaHAS, one who guards a eit j bj Watch, awake, that wakea; a etriet night. guard; a man sat to keep anything. Is the viatchnan up early t Business calls for tools. The farmer needs his and spade ; the smith needs his anvil and hammers. "Earth's thousand tribes of llTing things At art's command to him are givcn; The yillage grows, the city springs. And point their spires of faith to heaven," Spkaque. Wiiat is said of tools and worts of man ( FORTY-FIEST STUDY. The farmer has now a great many fine tools. In the early ages of the world they were few and very rude. "The farmers crop their living from their crop, And each man shares the blessing of their shares." Kepeat what is said, Plough, that thrusts ; aS instrument Does the farmer fJirow up eartli Ui furrow land. with a ifiovd I Does the farmer nee a plough in Hoe, Iiaek or hew; an instmtcent springf to eut Weeds and loosen the Space, broad; an instrument to dig earth. the ground. Does the gardener use a hne ? Cantheboy dig with a spa Bhovkl, pushing; a hollow instru- ment to gather graaa together, ment to throw up earth. Can jou use a rake I Hosiecb, Google 66 AXGLO-SAXON EO0T-W0KD3. SicKL^ that outs ; a curtei tool to Behe, com ; n kind of barlej. cut grain witt. Does bsrs grow in Scotland ( Dose the reaper use a sickle? Hest, u mass or bundle; a pile, as of Scythe, aa ase; a tool for mowing grain, grass- Is the heap lai^e I Does the mower use a sejiiSe? Oa'r, eaten; a kind of grain used for HiT, cut; cut and dried graai cattle. Do horses eat hagf Do horses eat oois/ Crop, a gathering ; grain and fruits Rye, rough ; a grain like wheat, hut of the earth. not so good Is there a lai^e crop this year ) Do we make flour from ri/e ? Wheat, that is rubbed; a useful grain, FiAS, drooping; a plant from which from which flour is obtained. linen is made. Is aheal a grain ! Has/oi a blue flower ? BsELBY, corn or grain ; a grain some- Whip, a thrust or throwj an inslru- thing like wheat. ment for driving animals. Do jou like barletj! Does the teamster use a vship t The hunter and fisher at first had only the club, atone and rude spear. Now they have nets, traps, gans and harpoons. " The patient lisher takes his silent stand, Intent) his angle trembling in his hand; With looks unmoved ha hopes the scaly breed, And eyes lie dancing cork and bending reed." Pofb. Repeat what is said. Bow, bent ; an instrument made of Was the beaver caught in a bent wood and a string. trap f Does the hunter use a ioa/ Shot, that is darted; a bail orJ>ulJet Ahrow, a shoot or rod ; a poisoned thrown from a gun. weapon shot with a bow. Is that made of lead) Did the arrmc pierce the animal! Iton, a sprout; a pole for fishing. Tbap, that trips ; an instrument that Has the fisher a rodf shuts with a spring. Hoos, that which snatches ; a curved piece of metal. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WORDS. 67 "Was the fish caught -with, a Net, a knot ; an jnetniment made of hook? twiue woyea together. Seine, a drag; a large net for taking Are tlie fishermen mending their fish. n«ij? "Was the Mine fnli of fish ( Handle, that which is seized ; that Weir, an incloaure; afence of sticks part of a tool held in the hand, in tt river to take fish. Do we take a thing by the Waa ihe weir broten ( handle, l FORTY-THIRD STUDY. The house is one of tlic most needed of all the works of man. "All are architects of Fate, Working in these walls of Time; Some with massive deeds and great; Some with ornaments of rhjme." Losgfellow. Ajie, wliat hacks ; a tool to hew tim- Gate, a paasage ; a large door into bet and cut wood. an inclosed place. Is the axe a good tool ! Is the gate broken ! Hammer, the beater; a tool to drive Bridge, what bears; abuilding raised or draw nails. o^er a river. Is the hammer made of iron 1 ^^ "^^ *'"'V strong! c 1 J .. <. I ■.! I ji J SteefIe, that iroes up: the tower of Saw, what cuts ; a tool with teeth to -^ o gu™ ^^ , 1,110 wj « . , a chnreh ending in a pomt. _ ", Is the steeph high ! Does the carpenter use a _, ■■,,--,„. g '^ TowEH, a pile ; a kind of a house for Auger, the borer; a tool to make ^^ '^^^ ^^^^ ,^,^^ j^ ^^^_ large holes. ,^^^, Can you bore a hole with an goi, what is close ; a case of hoards. auger . j^ jjig f,/,^ made of wood f House, a covering; a place for man Chrst, a hamper; a hind of close to live in. boK. Is the kouse large t Is the chesl large I LAnozK, a leader; a frame of wood Bier, what bears; a frame to carry joined by rounds. the dead on. Can you go up a ladder ? Did yon ever see a Her? Hosiecb, Google 68 ANGLO-SASON ROOT-WORDS. FOBTT-FOURTH STUDY. TOOLS AND WORKS OF TEE WHEEL WRIOHT. The wheelwright builds for us the heavy &Tm wagon and the airy carriage. His skill adds much to our pleasure. C*KT, what runs ; a carriage with HAan, what holds ; (be palm and the two wheels, drawn by one horac. fingers. la a carl a kind ot carriage ( Is the hand used in drawing ! Wagon, a way or paaaage; a car- HANDHiRHow, a frame with handles riage with four wheels, drawn by carried by two men. " Is tha katul/iarraiii a carriage! Has the wooon come I „ , , , •■ „ , . , , Sledoe, what strikoa ; a frame moved Ubay, what J3 drawn ; a low Cari runnpra la the dray nsed in cities } , , . , . ' la a sledge used to run on Babbow, what carries ; a Kind of a anow t T , ' - , „ R™, the end or edge ; the border of la a 6arf 010 usefuU , , •nr i . .. J p " wheel WBBBL, what turns; a round frame . .l - :, -.t. ■ :. , is the nm covered with iron! of wood for a wagon, -IT .1, I J ^„ Spoke, ft shoot : a rod ot a wheeL Has the wheel a rim ! ■Wheelbarrow a frame or box with ^^ ''''^ ^"^^ made of wood! one wheel. Nate, thict; the thick pioco in the Have you ever seen a wlied- centre of a whocL barrow? Is the nans made of wood? FORTY- FIFTH STUDY. "Im the ahip-yard atood the master. With the model of the vessel. That should langh at all disaster. And with wave and whirlwind wrestle." LONOFKLLOW 3bip, what is shaped; a lai^e vesatl Hull, an outer cover; the frame made to float on water. body of a vessel. Did the Saxons call t^eir ahip» la the h«ll made of wood ! keels I Hosiecb, Google ANCLO-SAXON BOOT-WORDS. 69 Decs, an OTerspread; tts covering Boat, a bag; a bottle, or etin bag; of a ship. flu open Teasel moved by oars, la the cfeci made of plank! Oar, over; an iustpument to row Eou), what coatains ; the hollo wpart boats. of a ehip. la a boat moved by oars t lathe AoMfull of ballast! Ballast, a load; heavy matter placed Keel, stretched out; the limber that in the hold of a ship. extenda from stem to stem of a Has the ahjp much JaHosf.? ship. SAir, what flies ; a sheet made of Is the keel covered with cop- coarse cloth, pgr ? Are ships moved by saUs ? Stem, set or fixed ; the fore part of a Koce, what binds; a thicli line of ship. several twirls. la thosicirtof the ship slender! DoropesfastenaboattothepIerJ Stken, place ; the hinder part of a Wgaef, what is thrown out ; a kind ship. of harbor. Is the ilern the hind part of a Has the vessel reached the ship I vjharfl Mast, a stock ; a roand piece of tim- Piee, through ; a raised bank or mole ber on whioh sails are fastened. in a. river. Was the masi carried away dur- Is the pier made of stone ( mg a storm? t T Y - S I S T II "The dam is brote, the wheel is still. And moea o'erlays the ruined mill; No voice is heard, no form Is seen, Upon the lovely village green." Hill, what ia aet or made ; a machine Wbsei, what tnrns ; a roun for making flour, or the house in of wood or iron, which this machine is kept Has the mill a wlieel I Is corn groand in a mill ? Wateb, what flows ; a comr Dam, what stops ; a wall raised to useful fluid, keep in water. Is wirier common ? Is the dam at the tnill high! Hosiecb, Google 70 ANGLO-SASON ROOT-WORIS. 'Wateb-wkkei, a wheel tnmcii by Ovecshot-wheel, a. wheel whera the water. wnUr falls from above. Is a water-wheel Urget \Yhat li an overahot-wkeel ? Eheabt, s. swelling ; the fora part of Ubcer, lower in place, man, or any thing. la the grass voder the tree I Is tie breast the fore part ! Ubdjeshot-wheei, a wheel where tha Bkeast-wheei, a wheel where the water strikes below. water falla on the middle. "What is an undershot-ieheel ? What is a breait-wheel ? Hopper, what hops or shakes; a OvKB, above; ahove in place. wooden bos througli which* grain Is the sky over the earth! passes into the mil). Shot, throwing out; a shooting or I>oea grain pass* through a hop- oastiog. per f FORTY-SEYENTI " Hehk smokes hia forge ; he bares hia sinewy arm, And early strokes the sounding anvil warm ; Around his shop the steely sparkles flew, As for the steed he shaped the bending shoe." Gay. Asvn, that on which things are Shoe, a cover; a rim of iron nailed shaped; an iron block with a to the foot of a liorse. smooth face. la the shoe nailed on» la an anuH made of iron? ^aii, a talon; a pointed piece of Sledge, what strikes; a lai^o ham- ii'on with a head. ^^^'^- Are nails made of iron i Isa«;tJ?emadeof iron! Hasp, a catch; a clasp that passes TosGB, shoots; a tool of two shafts, over a staple, joined at one end. jg t^e hasp made of iron I Are the tongs made of iron 1 i^^^ .^jj^t closes ; au instrument to Bellows, sweUing ; an instrument to ^,^^3 a^ors. blow lie fir^ Can you break a ;o.i. J Can you use the bellows ? ^^^^ ^-^^^ ^^uts ; an mstrument to Wei>g^ a mass; a piece of iron thick f,hut or open a lock, at one end, and sloping to the Does the fc^ fit the lock ! °^''^- WiED, a guard; part of Ihe inside Does the smith use a wei<)e t ^^^ ^ joet Must the key fit the viard' Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOEDS. Sraraa, what ieaps ; an elastic body. Pik, what holds; a pointed in Has a wateh a spring f inent LiTOH, what catches ; a email piece of Are pins made of brixss! iron or wood for fastening a door. LisOhpis, a pin nsed to keep oi Ib there a laleh on the etahle wheel, door ! Is the linchpin made of iro 3RTT-EIGHTE The weaver weaves a flaxen web, but we are for ever weaving a web of tliouglit. "Yes; Love is ever busy with his shuttle, la ever weaving into life's dull warp Bright, gorgeous flowers, and scenes Areadian." Longfellow. Loom, what is used; a frame of wood Wakp, what is hent ; the thread that for weaving. runs lengthwise. Did Jaeqnard invent aiwwn? Does the warp run lengthwise! Eeed, a shoot; a weaver's tool. Woof, what is cast; the thread that Does the reed pact the threads of runs auross. the warp! Does the moo/ run across the SpfNDLii extended; the' pin. used in loom! spinning-wheels. WiiO, wliat is woven ; a cloth woven la the spindle made of iron? out of yarn. YAB[i,whatJsbonieout;thread8pun Is life ft web wlijch all must from wool or flas. weave f Do we knit with yam ? Knot, a joining; the joining of Silk, what is drawn out; the thread threads or cords, of silk-worms. Is the hmt tight ) Does the silk-worm make us StAiK, what strikes; a weaver's reed. lilk t Is tiie ifaii ose in weaving t Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SASON HOOT-WORDS. FORTY-NINTH "The king's danghter is all glorious within: her clothing 13 of wrouglit gold. Sbe shall be brought unto the king in raiment of nee die- work." Gliss, green; a bard clear substacee Can juu sewmtii a needie I made from ashee. Pis, what holds; an instrument of "Was glais made at first! brass, with a head and point, used Ci/)Tn, what covers ; material made for fastening. of wool, bair, or flax. Is the pin made of brass 3 IscteAwarm! Comb, what shavea ; a toothed instru- Silk, what is drawn out ; a kind of meiit for fining the hsir. cloth made from the thread of the Is the eamb made ! silkworm. Hose, a heel-cover; a cover for the leg. Is lilk glossy! Are hoie wovep ! Shoe, a coyer ; a cover for the foot. LsiraEB, the prepared skin of ad- Is the shoe made of leather! mala- Cap, what is put on ; a cover for the Are shoes made of leather ? head of children. Lkjpok, whatflows; a fluid aubstaneo B the cap made of cloth ! of any kind. Needle, something sharp ; an instru- la wine a liguorf Tuent of steel, with an eye and Felt, what stuffs ; a kind of cloth, point. Isfdt used for wadding! FIFTIETH " Oh, pleasant is the welcome kiss When day's dull round is o'er. And sweet the music of the etep That meefa us at the door." Deake. Meai, broken smooth ; the substance Loaf, a set mass ; dough shaped and of grain ground. baked. Is meal the flour of corn! Is the loaf large! Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOSDS. 73 Bread, a portion ; a mass of kneaded doiigh baked. Is bread tho staff of life ! SiEV^ what lifts ; a ulemil far purt- ing flour from bran. Is tho sieve made of wire ! Kkitle, a hollow vessel used to boil water in. Is the kellle made of copper t Cnuitii, what tnms; a veeael in -which butter is made from mili. Is a bfellc used for p. Bell, what eounds ; a, hallow leEsel used to make sounds. Can you ring th* hell ? GoSG, going! a utensil used for a bell. Botmd! Knite, what n gony struck to moke a ; that "with which Have you eyer seen a clmrn ? FoKK, what is notched; that with Ladle, what lays or pufs ; a utensil which we lift the food to our used for dipping out liquor. months. Ifl lie ladle used to lift soup ? Is the /ort silver? Stote, a place; an instrument to Fan, what opens; an instrument by make fira in. which air ia moved. Ifl the sioue made of iron! Is the fan used to produce a Oven, what heats ; a place for baking wind! in. Uesou, bound twigs ; a brush used to Do we bake bread in an ™e« 7 sweep with. Fm^ rushing or raging; heat made Is the Usom a useful article f from wood or coal. ToBES, a mark ; a mark of lova and I>o yon like to see a bright /« ? affection. Beetle, what strikes ; a wooden ham- Is a present a token of lovef F I P T Y-F I RST STUDY. " TixEN shook the hills with thunder rivi Then rushed the stfiods to batOe drive And. louder than the bolts of heaven, Far flashed the rod artillerj." Shield, a shoulder-cover; a broad Swonn, what thrt piece of armor. at the side. Is the shield worn now ! Takqet, what stops; a mark for gun- Camtbell. a weapon worn Do soldiei's fire a( Is the susord used in war \ Sfeab, what runs to a point ; a long pointed weapon used ill war. Is the spear used by thrusting ? Hosiecb, Google 74 ANGLO-SASON ROOT-WORDS. Abrow, a ehoot; a weapon shct from Bow, what is bent; a bent piece of a, bow. wood and a etriug. la the orroio barbed ! Do the Indians use bouis ? AauoB, what fits; a kind of dress HELUGl^, wliat liolds ; a piece of armor worn for defense in battla. for the head. Do iinights wear armor? Is the helmet ivom by soldiers I Spuk, what is pointed ; an instrument Toweb, a pile ; a kind of building, or worn on the heel to priolt the part of one. lioree. Are there iouwre on castles ) Is the spur much worn f Oa6TLE, what defends; a lionso forti- SuNQ, what ie swung; an instrument lied against an enemy, to thro* stones. Are there caUles in this conn- Did David use a sling? try! Shot, what is thrown ; a weapon cast Mousn, a heap ; a bank of eartli or from agun, stone. IssAoi made of lead and iron i Have you ever seen iimoundl FIFTY-SECOND STUDY. Music is a nolale work, and lifts the soul towards hcavea. " God sent his singers upon oartli, With songs of sadness and of mirth. That they might touch the hearts of men. And bring them baci to heaven again." Harp, that which is touched ; a string- la a song ploaaiog I ed instrument of music. Eoo^ beeeh-baik; the thoughts of a Wd David play on the harp ? man printed and bound. Pipe, that oo which we pip, or pipe ; Are books useful ) a wind instrument of music, Woni>, what passes ; the sign of a Is the pipe a wind instmment ! thing, Pkm, a point ; an instrument used to Is a inord the sign of a thing ! write with. Creed, that on which we rest; what Ie the pen. made of steel? one believes. Desk, what is flat; a raised stand to Has the Christian a creed? write at, Sraeou, what is tlirust ont; spoken Do we write on desks ? words, SONU, what is strained ; words siins; (3 ,peech a gift from God ! Sua musical w^y Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SASOK ROOT-WORDS. FIFTY-THIRD STUDY. " God made man perfect, but he lias sougit out many inye Watch, a guard; aii instmineiit to Do people walk on the roarf? meaaure time, P.mff, what is kept; an inclosed place Are some tealches made of gold! for pleasure. Clock, what olieks; a machiae for Are there many trees in a park? measuring time. Welt, boiling up ; a place dug to get • Is a dock moved by weights S water. S.iDDLK, that is eet; a seat to be put Is the well deep! oa a horse's back. Tiubeii, wood ; wood prepared for Can you sit on a saddle? building. Awl, a sting ; a pointed tool used to Do we cnt down trees to make make holes in leather. timber? Doastheehoemaker uaeanaw^? Tow, what is tossed; the broken and Last, drawn oat ; a form of the foot coarse part of flax, made of wood. Are mats made of tom? Is the last wooden! Toll, apaii; a tax paid fur some ad- K[i.x, a furnace; a large sUivc or i-antage. oven. Do we pay loll on tbe turnpike? Do we bnrn lime in a Mm.'' DiTon, what is dug ; a tpeneh made Road, a way; an open way for by digging, travel. Is tbe diich used to drain land! FIFTY-FOURTH STUDY. " "Wi™ wbat measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you agaio." Fahthtsg, the fourth ; the fourth part WEiaui, bcavy; the quantity of any of a penny. thing found by weighing. Is a/artAinj a copper coin? Do we buy sugar by imjAt / Scale, a shell ; the diii of a balance. Pocnd, weight ; a standard weight of Uaa a balance two xales? twelve or sLitteen ounces. Do we buy tea liy the pound? Hosiecb, Google 76 ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOEDS. HOHDKEB, a oircuit; the mimber of Is tbe yard iiaed for meaeurlng ten times ton. cloth! Is a hundred ten times ten ? Fathom, e. thread ; a measiu-e of Bii Ton, a cask ; the weight of twenty feet, hundred. Is the/a(fiiMn used at tea ) Is haj bought by the i!o«.? Money, coin or impress; stamped Gbain, a kernel; the weight of a metal used in trade, kernel of wheaL Have we copper, aUyer, and gold Was a grain of wheat used for a m/mey? weight) Pocsc, weight; tbe value of twenty Foot, what we step with ; a nieaBure shillings. of twelve inches. Is thepminrfa gold coin! Is the /ooi used for a measure! SHrLLmo, a shield-coin; the value of Spas, a stretch; the space from the twelve pence. end of the thumb to the end of tbe Is " shilling a silver coin) middle finger when extended. Penst, money ; ths twelfth part of a Is the ispan used in measuring ehiLing. now! Is a penny a copper coin) Yard, a rod or sboot ; a measure of FIFTY-FIFTH "Tradition tells us that the numbers, with which w tbe borders of the lovely vale of Casbmere.'^ One, a single thing ; tbe sign of a s gla thing. Is o«« a number! in- Seves, full ; sis and one. Are there seam days in fbi week! Two, one to one; one and one. Is (ICO twice one? Three, a throw; two and one. Is Mr«e three times one! EiQET, seven and one. lB«ijrA(seTenandone! NraE, eight and one. Is m«« eight and one t Four, spread out; two and two. Is/our two times two! 'Ene, joined; four and one. Is >e four and one! Sn, five and one. Is dx five and one 1 Tes, two liands; nine and one. la ten twice five! Fiaa-r, what bears or leads ; before ii time or place. Do you like to hsjirsl? Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. Second, what follows; next after tli firsi Is second nest after the first i TojHD, nest after the Beooai What is the third? FomiTH, next after the third. What ie the >i«-(A/ FiFii^ next after the fourth. WbatisthejJ/iA? SixT^ next after flie fifth. What is the sixth f Seventh, next after the siKth. What is the seveath? EioiiTH, next after the seyenth. What is the eighth i Ninth, next after the eighth. WhatisthemBiA/" Tbnth, next after the nioth. What is the '(»^ f E works of the Lord are great, sought out by all those who Jiave "Tlie tall rook. The mountain and the deep and gloomy wood, Their colors and their forms were then to me An appetite, a feeling and a love." Woedswokth. 3ISTH STUDY, The eartk is the abode of plants, animals and man. "Solitary envannahs opened in the depth of the woods, and far off a lOTely stream wns flowing away in silence, sometimes among venarabla trees, and eometimes through natural meadows, erimson with blossoms." Bbtakt. Easth, dust ; the world in which we abundant fluid. Ism. a fluid? Is the earth rounl like a ball ! Land, a elear place ; the solid matter Eabih, the dust and mould on which of omr world. we wali. Do people live on the land? Were we ciade out of the earth? Sea, a basin; a large body of water Water, what flows ; a useful and Do ships cross the sea ? Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS, JIFTY-SEVENTH Many divisions of land appear on the surface of the eartli. "The hills Eoet-ribbed, and ancient as tlie sun — the vales Stretoliing in pensive tjuIetDeaa between." Bkyant. TTti.'., wliat hides from view ; a small low land. riae of land. Does grass grow in the meadow ? Do you like to see a hill? Deli, a cleft or division ; a hollow Mou.M, wliat goes up; a mass of place, between hills. earth higher than a hill. Would youlilte to lire in cdell? Is the mi)un( high 3 Shoke, eat off; the land bordering Peak, a point thmst out ; the point on the sea. of u Ml or mound. Do we go to the shore in sum- Are some peais covered with mer! snow f Island, water and land ; a tract of RiiJOE, stretched out; a range of hills land surrounded by water. or mounts. Is New-York on an island? Did joueverseealongrid^eof Pn, hollow place; a deep place in hills) the earth. Cliff, what is cleft; a high et^ep Do miners go down in ^in always wood I la the tree cut down for iU BouuH, bent ; the arm of a, tree. tcood ? Is the tough very thiokf Ptm, kernel; the spongy centre of « Twio, what shoots ; the smallest tree. bough of a plant. Does the pith often flow oat) Do birds rest ou the iieigs! Hosiecb, Google 86 ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOKDS. Baku, what is peekd off; tlid out- Is tlie blossom of the apple-tree waiii covering of a tree. sweet ! Does the bark protect the tree f Seed, sown ; the part of a plant that Sap, soft; the juice of a tree. produces new ones. Does sap flow in spring ! Does teed produce new pianta ! Leaf, light; the parts that ehoot KEESEL,a grain ornut; thepartofa from the sides of the nut which may he eaten. Are haves mostly green S Is the kernel of the almoud Blossoit, opened out; the flower of sweet? IXTY-KINTH STUDY. AlTlMALS are teachers of mankind. Tlicy read us many a lesson. " The kitten sleeps upon the hearth, The crickets long have ceased their miiUi ; There's nothing stirring in the house, Save one «we hungry nibbling mouse. Then,whyBO busythou!" Ox, large ; the male of the cow tribe. Ram, what thrusts ; Oie male of the Ib the ox used in ploughing ! sheep. Cow, what lows ; a well known do- mestic animal, with cloven hoof. Does the cow give milk ? lIoBSE, what rushes ; n noble domes- tie animal, witi feet not oloveti. Is the horse a native of Asia! ColT, a young horse. Is the colt frisky ? BctLOCK, what bellows ; a little bull, Has the ram, horns 1 ■AT, what goes; an on mal with Is tlie bullock a young bull I 3HEBP, a wether ; a small animal us ful for food and w hollow horns. Does the goat give milt I Lamo, what skips ; a young sheep. Do yon like to see lambs play! Stud, what stands ; a fine horse fop Has the soldier a slv-d? Flock, a orowd ; a company a of Does the shepherd tend his ,L fiock? Has the sheep a covering of Swine, what grunts; a thick-skinned ^puolf animal, used for food. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WORDS. 87 1b 1 liog the same as mine? Hoof, a horny substance on t!ie feet Pig, a little one ; the joung of swine. of animals. Has the pig a pen to live in ! Is glue made from hoofs f Hound, fawning; a kind of dog used 'Eixie, what is stripped oif ; the bKq in hunting. of an animuL Is the hound a largo dog ? Are hides made into leather ! HoE.'j, a hard shoot ; a hard substance Mahhow, fat ; that whioll is found in growing on the hea^ of Bome ani- bones. mals. Is jnarroK good for the hair ! Are combs made from W» ? SEVENTIETH STUDY, The land is the abode of animals, some of wliich are useful to man. Many of them are wild and fierce. "The brindled catamount, tliat lies High in tie boughs to oatoh his prej-." Bay ant. Elkw*nt, chief or leader; an animal Elk, strong or large ; alargedeer. with a thiet skin, and of great size. Has the elk large horns S IB the eJgiAaniaTiativoot Asia! Hake, what heare quietly ; a small Deeh, j-OTing orwild'; an animalllke animal, with long eara. the goat. Ib the Aore timid! Is the meat of the deer used for Fox, cunning; an animal like a dog. [ooi f h the/ra very cunning f Dob, roving or wild; the female deer. Besk, fierce; a large animal found Was the doe killed ! in cold olimatcs. Stjg, firm or set ; the male red deer. Is the bear wild ! Did the hunter chase the etag ! Boae, rough ; the wild hog. Emit, etrona ; a oing, or male deer. Has the hoar large teeth? latJie /inrf smallerthantheBtsg) OrtEa, a small animal that lives in Roe, a ray ; tlie smallest deer. water. Is tie rcw quick on foot ! Is the otter caught tor his sHn ! Buck, what thurata; the male of the Eat, the gnawer; an aaiinal like a goat. mouBC, but larger. Does the buck jump far ! Do rati live in barne t Hosiecb, Google 88 iNGLO-SASON EOOT-WORDS. UousBi what shuts np; a small ani- Aee, qnl«k; a four-handed animal, mal which liyes in houses. living in warm countries. Did the mouse eat the cheese ! Does the ape climb ! SEVESTT-FIRST STUDY. The water on the surfece of the earth teems with liviug creatures. "And Cod created great whales, and evei'y living creature that mgvelh, which tie waters brought forth abnndantly n^er their idnd." Bulk. Fish, lively ; an animal with scales Does oil come from the mJiale f and fins. CnAB, scraping ; a Binall animal hav- Does the fish live in water? ing a crust-like shell. Heeeinq, army ; a fish mueli used for Does the erab live in water ! food. liOBSTEB, hnskyone; an animal like lias tlie herring many bones ! a crab. TaouT, sharper ; a fine fish, living in Has the lohiUr many claws \ fresh and salt water. Cum, binding ; a shell-fish used for Is the trout sweet S food. KOACH, red ; a fish with shiny scales. Has the dam a hard siell ? DoestberoocfeliTe in fre^ water! Rn, firm shoot; a liml) of a fish used" Seal, sot or placed ; an animal having for swimming, a head like a dog. Is the/w. very sharp? Is the seal found in cold ooun- ScALtv a shell ; a small crust whicli Whale, the roller; a lai^e animal, Ave scales shiny? partly fish. SEVENTY-. The snake is loathed more than any thing on the earth. The memory of the fall of man, as written in the Bible, seems to live on from age to age. Hosiecb, Google ANSLO-SAXOK EOOT-WOEDS. 89 "Ail turned with diagnst from tlie scene; The worms thcj crept in, aod the worms they crept out, And sported hia eyes and his temples about." Lewis. Shake, creeping; a serpent of any Leeot, seizing; an anirnul lite a tind. worm, used to suck blood. Are makes poisonous ! Are le Does cotton come from the Bide. Bonth ! Has the child gone vat? Towards, looking at; fronting a cer- To, end ; to a certain place or time. tain place or time. Where do you go io school! Did the ehild go tiiwardi home ! Of, out of, beginning ; out of a certain Bt, being ; being near in place and place or time. time- Has the child gone out 0/ the la the child iy the table! Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON KOOT-WORDS. 97 Wmf, joking; joined in place and Aeotf, over; lifted up in place and le tliB cliild with tlie nurse i Are the clouds above the earth ) NiLln, next; cloae by in place or TJmdeb, on lower side ; down in plaoa" time. or time. Should yon stand near the fire I Arc fisji under the water I AcoDT, bounds; round a place or Down, dipping; lowin place ortime, time. Has the moon gone dmunf Is the dog abo-al the house I Up, high ; aloft in place or time. BOUSD, a. circle ; going round a place Istheennup? or time. Foe, hearing; in place of. Has the child gone around the Should you do good /or eyil I THHOuaH, passage ; from side to side. EIGHTY-FOURTH STUDY. Things, and events are connected. This we must notica carefully. And, giving ; addition. Lest, left ; that not. Have you a slate and pencil ? Should we be holy lest we dief But, add ; mora or further. Stdj, placing ; to this time. Are our want* many, itU light! Are you still Bt workt If, granting; allowing or giving. TnJ, the while; to a certain time. Will a ehihi lie, if he is good ! Will you wait Itll I come t Though, allowing; granting it so. Bisce, seen; after a certain time. " " " ~ r saw Should wa trust God, tluiugh He Ilave you been well sinee should slay ust you! Oh. one more ; one in choice. TuEN. placed; at that time. Can yon write, or reodt Were you Ihen happy! A3, which, or it; like, or even. Else, leaving off; otherwise. Do you sit aj you were told ) Were you no where else? So, that; in lite manner. Yet, getting; still. Why are you so long in coming! Are you ysi idle! Ta.\T, getting ; in order to. Than, sof, or placed ; compared with. Do you study that yon may be I* wisdom better (Aon riehost Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. All things, when seen aright, make known to us some- thing about G-od, To know Him is life. " Let tlie first flower, com- waving field, plain, tree, Here rouod my liomc, still lift nij soul to Thee ; And let me ever, midst thy botmties, raise An humble note of tlianlifuluesa and praise." Eloomfield. EIGHTY-FIFTH STUDY. " God so loved tJie world as to give his only-begotten Son, that whoso- ever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life." B11.1.E. God, strong and good; the Maker, Gnosr, breath or life; the aonl, or fiuler and Redeemer of man. niind. Ib (?oiZlovel Is jfAosi the same as spirit? Paiheb, tho feeder ; the Author of IIot,r, sound ; free from all sin. all Uiings. Is God hol^? Is God the Father of man ! Holt Ghost, the third person in the Sos, issue, or offspring ; the seeond Godhead, person in the Godhead. Does the Holi/ Ohost teach man ! Did the 81m, die for man S EIGHTY-SIXTH STUDY. ArrniBrTES of god. "Theee is none good, but one, and Ihatia God." Eiqlk. Might, strong ; strength or power. Knowledge, what is held ; under. Is the might of God great! standing of things. AtuianTT, strong above all; having Is kwmledgs useful ? all power. Wisdom, power of holding ; the right Is God al-miglUjif use of kriowledge. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SASON ROOT-WORDS. 99 Is icisdom better than know- Truth, trust; what agrees nitiifaets. ledge! Should we always tell the truth? GooDXESs, state of being etrong; Houness, state of beingeoiind; etate kindness to all of beiog free frora sin. Is goodness due to all f Is holiness lovely \ 5EVEXTH STUDY. The dearest name by -wJiich we can call God, is Father. " Our Father, who art in heaven, ballowed be thy name." Bible. Makeh, one who does; tlie Creator Pkiest, one wlio stand before; one of all things. wlio waits at fbe altar. Is God the Malcer of all t Did the priest offer sacrifices t KuLEB, one who guides; one wlio High, lifted up ; distance upwards, governs. Are the heavens high I li God the Ruler of the earth! HrsE-pEiisr, the priest who entered Daysmas, the dawn-man; one who the holy of holies, makes peace. Was tie high-prifst above all Is Christ the daysman ? others ( SiiEPiiEBD, the sheep-wateh ; one who PaicE, settled down ; a state of quiet, guides and tends sheep. 1& peace a happy thing? Is Christ (be Shepherd of his Peacb-makeb, one who stops anger people ! and makes quiet. Fatiikb, the feeder; the Author of Is Christ the peace-mak^r be- man. tween God and sinners! Is God our Father as Creator ! EIGHTY-EIGHTH STUDY. "He.\ven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool." Bibix EABTE,dust; the world in which we IIe,ivks, raised up, or arehed; the live. region round the earth. Is the earth round ! Does God fill heaven and earth ( Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. HAPTER XI. No one is able to stop when iie has named things. He wishes to do something more. He wishes to name his own feelings. The wood blazes in the' stove. It is named fire. But fire acts upon us. "We feel it. It is warm. We see it. It is red or yellow. It is bright also, and sparkling. These are some of its quahtics. We will now go back to home, and sec some of its quali- ties. From home, we will go to the house, household, call- ings of men, and so on, over all the things we have named, gathering up their qualities and naming them. This is the way the mind grows. It first gets the names of THINGS: second, the names of qualities. EIGHTY- KINTH STUDY. QUALITIES OF nouE. "noyE,honieI Bweet, sweet home I Be it e-rec so humble, Uiera's no plaee like homo." Sweet, soothing; pleasing to Uio EiEEi open; laid open to view. tast«. Is the house iare of shingles! le home swet ? High, lifted up; raised far above Dkab, rare ; of great Talne. ns. IshoniEatfearplaoe! Is the ohimney high above oiir Small, thin; little in any -way. heads! May a small house be neat? low, laid down; raised a little above Old, falling off; a long time made. the earth. Is an oi(i house pleasant! Is a hut a ;ow house r Nbw„ moving; lately made. D.iRiiKa, little dear; much beloved. Does the child like his ««» Whose darling child are you ! Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXOH ROOT-VYOEDS. N I H E T I The old bam and. snug wood-house peered through a small locust grove, and a white dove-cot stood by ihe gar- den gate. ioKO, drawn out ; having length. Tb the manner lonff ? Nakrow, close; of little width. Is the stable narrcml Wjdev spread ; the apace betwucn the Is the stall too mie ! Cleas, open from; free from dirf. Should the bam he clean I Open, lifted off or up ; not eloeed. Is a manger an open frame ! Dht, rubbed ; free from moisture. Should all outhouses be dry I Wbt, moist to the touch; containing mDistiire. Should a langer e< It I NINETY-FIRST QUALITIES " Now stir tlie fire and close the shutter faali Let fall the curtains, wheel the sofa round' Ajid while the bubbling and loud hissing u Sends np a steamy colomn, and the cups That cheer, but not inebriate, wait on oacl So let us welcome peaceful evening in." KiQii tender; delicate or fine. Arc eliairs nice ? Rough, rugged ; not polished, orev< Is the store rough ? Smooth, soft; having an even si face. Is the table tnwotk ? Heavy, heaved; having weight. COWFKE Is the inkstand Iteavyl EvKN, smoothed down; level oi smootli. Has the desk an eim surface ! Light, rising up ; having little weighli Is a feather %A(^ Sam^ nice ; like in some way. Is this the same old ehairl Hosiecb, Google 102 ASGLO-SAXON E00T-W0ED3. NINETT-SEOOND STUDT. QUALITIES or THE HOCSEnOLB. " SisTEBS and brothers, little nmid, How many may you be ? How many ! Beven in all, siie eaid. And wondering looked at roe." Woudswohth. Good, strong ; kind nnd cqmely. Is a happy family fair to ba- Is a jood father beloved) hold! BEriER. more advanced; more kind Busy, closely attending; engaged in than another. some purauit- I3 life hetlffr than raiment ) Should wa be always Ju*y / Bkm, most advanced ; more kind than Idli; eeasing ; not actively employed, all. Is an idle family poor t Is Jane the best sister of all ! Glad, lifted up; pleased and joyous. KiNO, knowing; tender in feelings. Are good ebildren always glad! la a mother tiW? Glee, music;, mirth or gayety. FiiB, clear to ecc; pleasant to bo- Is the good child full of piee / hold. NIKETY- THIRD STUDY. "Is not the life more than moaf^ and the body than raiment!" — Bicle. FttKSH, lively ; new, lately made. Takt, sharp ; sharp to the taste. Do you likc_/j-«8ft bread? Are some apples very iart? EsoDon, quieted; that which satis- Soun, what tnrns; sharp and biUng NINETY-FOUHTH STUDY. Hosiecb, Google iNGLO-SASON ROOT-WOEDS. Ab warm, we'll say, is the russet gray, As gay the forest gfeen." WAkm, glowing; that which keeps Does the child like a warm coat! Soft, mild to the touch; gentle and pleasant to the touch. Are Bilk glovcB soft ? Cooi, airy; not keepiDg heat. Are thread gloves cool ? TmcK, pressed ; of some distance Irom ude to side. Is lawn a thin kind of linen ! Silk, drawn fine ; thread made by the silk-worm. Has the child a iilk dress? Cheap, bargain ; of low price and Is muslin a cheap doth? Tmr, beautiful; neat in dress. May a plar n dress be ft Ji^; Shabby, bare o r shaven; worn old. Are shahhj garments pleasij ninett-p: n T H STUDY, "In every breast thei's bams a The love of glory, o r the dread of shame." Pope. Weak, failing; feeble in strength. Is man a woi being I Do yon despise nJUkU person t Empty, void or idle ; containing no - Evil, pained ; wicked or sinfoL thing. Have all men mZ hearts) Haa the man an empig head! DoutiHTV, able ; brays or noble. Eaknebt, striving; ardor in busi Is a d-mghly man called a cham- nesB. pion! Do you lite an earnest persi i T Y - S I X T H "Op statui'c tall and slender frame, But firmly knit, was Malcolm Graeme." Hosiecb, Google 104 AKGLO-SASON EOOT-WOEDS. Sound, whole ; free from dhease. May a lick peveon be fretful ! Is a sound bod/ desirable ! Hale, whole ; robuat or sound. Sraoso, etrainedihaTingmuchpower^ Do jou lite to see a Iiale old Must a strong man' be healthy J man ( Little, left or lessened ; small in size. SpARSi prtissed down ; lean, wanting May a tittle person be brave t in flesh. SiOK, B^hing ; suffering from discnBC May a spare person be ati'OHg ? NINETY-SEVENTH "And hazel was his eaglo eye, An auburn of tlic deepest dye His short curled beard and hair." Scott. Edddy, red ; a healthy flesh color, Haggaud, haoied or torn ; worn ani Is the face rtiddg S rongli in loolts. Naked, open; bare or nncovered. Are the poor haggardf Is the hand ?tal:<^i ^ BBOAD.spread out; ext«ndodin width. Wan, passing away ; pale in appear- Have Indians hroad faces ! ance. Obim, fierce ; having fierce look* Has the child a loan look! Do you like agrim face! Wane, failing or pale ; pale or want. Lank, slack ; yielding to the toneh. ing color. Are lank cheeis pleasing! Have sick persons a lean look ! Gaunt, lean or wanting; thin and Stern, straining; severe and rigid. hollow. Has the man a stem loot ! Is an old horse gaunt ? DOLV, frank ; wanting in what pleases. Lean, thin ; wanting in flesh. Do you like an ugly faee ! Do you lika a lean face ? HoiLow, ahole; sunken or depressed. Fat, plump, or fleshy, lias the flick person hollote Are infants /af/ oheeksf NINETY-EIGHTH STUDY. quALiTiEa OF the soul. Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the beet." Gailex. Hosiecb, Google A.NGLO-SASON ROOT-WORDS. 105 Feki^ separated; haying power to Stubbokn, fixed ; stiff-minded or ob choose. Btinate. Is the Boal free ? Can a atui&orn child be happy ! Mah. passionate; crazed or disor- Wicked, tnrniBg awaj ; evil in heart dered in mind. and life. Does sorrow ever make tbe eoul Are all men Kicked? mad? Kmht, straight; according to law. Dabk, gloomy ; obaented and gloomy. Sbould we always do whatis Is a dark soul an evil one ! Hghl I Meah, common ; base, of little ralue. Sillt, poor ; weak in mind, foolish le a mean soul happy ! Ave some people silly I NINETY-NINTH STUDY. QUALITIES OF THE HCNTEll ASD nCINTING. "Rest thee, old hunter I the evening cool Will sweetly breathe on thy heated brow ; Thy dogs will lap of the shady pool, Thoii art very weary — rest thee now." P. Bkhjamin. WriD, toying ; roying or aayage. Bold, forward ; daring in action. Does the hunter liye a mild life ! Should a hunter be hold ? Ready, a going ; quick and prepared. Quick, lively ; swift and nimble Isarrad^ hunter agoodhunter? Who is quick? ONE HUNDREDTH STUDY. QUALITIES OP THE FISHER AI.T) FISniNG, " Now, happy fieherraan, now twitch the line 1 How the rod bends ! behold the prize is thine I" Gay. Haeh, pressed ; firm or strong. Steadi, settled ; firm and eonslant in Is a fisher's life hard? mind. Lusts, extended ; abounding in active Will a Headg fisher suooead power. well ? Is a Ittsti/ arm needed bj the Stark, stiff; strong, also groBs. Gsher I Do you like a stark speech? Hosiecb, Google 106 AKGLO-SAXOK ROOT-WORDS. ONE HUKDEED AND FIRST STUDY. QVALITIBS or THE fARXER AHD FARlflNa. "How bl«eb Uie farmer's aimple life! How pure the joy it yields I Far from the world's tempeatuous strife, Free, 'mid tlie aeented fields 1" Everest. Blithe, gay and ligit; gay and joy- Sdltby, failing from heat; hot and la the farmer blilhe I la mltry weather pleaaant I TiEED, waated ; weary. Cold, blowing ; wanting in heat. Should the tired farmer rest ? la cidd weather healthy I Fallow, failing ; not tilled. "Dhy, rubbed ; without moisture. i&falloa land good t Does the farmer dread dry wea- Eablt, shooting out ; first in time. ther ! Does the farmer rise early? Stont, firm or steady; full of atonea. Late, drawn out so as to be long ; Will the farmer clear the Honi/ after the time. gronnd t Should the farmer be late at hie Wet, moist; holding moistui'e. work ! Is wet land good t ONE HUNDRED AKD SECOND STUDY. " The horn and the trumpet are ringing afar, Aa the summons to battle are sounding ; And the steed aa he catches the signal of war, In the pride of his spirit is bounding." PEactTAj_ Bloob, guahing ; the lital fluid ; also Is war a great evil ! alanghter. DaEAn, shrunk ; terror, or awe. Is blood tho seat of bodily life I Fovi, pressed ; filthy, or wiebed. Dbad, sunk; havii^ the properliea Are /okI deeds done in war I of death. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOKDS. ONE HUNDRED AND THIED STDDY. "He tliat hath a trnde hath an estate ; and he that hath a calling, hath an offiea of profit and honor." FEAhKUN. Cbaett, bMU or strength ; Ml of art, Should a maehanlc be wise/ or skill Cunning, able ortnowing; ekilled in Can a good meeimnio bo cra/tr/ f art. Wbh teaching, or holding; haying Are soiDBmeinrMnniBifworkmen J much knowledge, OKE HUNDRED AND FOURTH STUDY. QUALITIES OP TI " Silks and salins, scarlets and Tolvuts, put out tlie kitchen iiro," as Poor Bichard eajs. MiNT, crowd; numerous. Raw, rough; not altered bj man. Are there manii manufaetuiers ! Is ram eilk made into ribbons ) Some, taken together ; a certain Ali, the whole ; the whole nnmber. quantity. Arc alt manufacturea need by Are some manufactures useful! men ? ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTH STUDY. "I[ is not mere than twenty or tiirty jeare aince a young man going from any part of Scotland to England, of purpose to carry the pack, waa considered, aa going to lend the life, and acquire the fortmie, of a gentle- Chbap abargain; havingalow price. Olc, falling off; of long duration. Are cheap goods often bought I Do some traders sell oMgeoda) Fbebii, lively ; lately made. Hosiecb, Google lUb ANGLO-SASON ROO'r-WOEDS. ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTH STUDY. tJUAllTIBS OF A SAILOB AND SAILOr's LITE. "How cheery are the marLnere, Those lovers of tiie eea I Their hearts are lite its yesty waves, Aa bounding and Hs free." P*jut Benjamin. MKBBT.brisk; gay and noisy. Are sailors men^/^ ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH STUDY. QUALITIES OF TSB LEAENEP PROFESSIONS. " Sthive not too much for favor ; eeem at ease. And rather pleased thyeelC than bent to pleaae," CSABBK. High, lifted up ; raised above us. Are some wise men wordy? Is the gospel ministry a M^A Blank, white, or void; void or empty •^liiig ' Is blank paper needed ! WoMiT, full of words. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH STUDY. QtrALITIES OF 0FFICEH3 AND OFFICES. "The man whom Heaven appoints To govern otiera, should himself first leani To bend his passions to the sway of reason." Thousob. FiBsr, most advanced ; before aU Has a prime jninister a high others. office ! Does the President fill the first Mild, smooth ; kind and gentle, office' Should a ruler be mildf FsisiE, beginnmg or first ; bigheBt in Stkbn, set or stiff ; severe and stiff, rant. Are stern officers beloved ( Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAZON EOOT-WOSDS. 109 ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH STUDY. QUALITIES OF THE WORKS OF MAN. "Man has soaght out many inTentions." Bible. LiKii even] nearly the same, Shabp, cutting; having a thin edga Are the worts of man like God ! or point. LiCTiE,leBs; smali in size. Has a needle a sftar^ point! Kekh, picFoing ; sharp in cutting. Level, pressed down smooth ; flal^ Ib a new knife keen? not rough. Is the table Imd/ ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH STUDY •'TuE gentle moon, the kindling sun, The many stars are given. As ahrinea to liurii earth's incensa on, The altar-fires of heaven." WrarriEE. Gkbat, increasing; large in size or Hoi, rousing; having much heaL number. Are the rajs of the sun hot > Are the works of God gi-eal i Bleak, open ; open to the wind. Goon, strong ; of fine qunlitj. The hills are bleak. Is God a ijooi being! ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH STUDY. "Alone I walked the oeean strand ; A pearly shell was in my hand : I etoop'd and wrote upon the sand My name, the year, the day," IIannah Gould. HiBD, pressed ; firm to the touch. Beirut, darting, as rays ; shiny. Are all metala hard ? Is gold a bright metal ( Aian, sharp edge; sharp to the taste. Bbittle, breaking; easily broken. Is aluminum an acid metaH Is ohali hntlle? Hosiecb, Google 110 ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WORDS. ONE HUNDRED AND TWELFTH STUDY. QUALITIES OF VEGETABLE BODIES. "Hesp'd in the hollows of tlie grOTO, Tho wither'd leaves lie dead ; Thej rustle f« the edd;ying gust. And to the rabbit's tread." Bryant. RiSK, rea«hingi strong in growth. Mellow, soft, or melting; soft with Are Eome plants rank? ripeness. 8noBT, out off ; low or of small height Are peaobes mellow ? Is grass short ? Rife, what may be reaped ; mature Pbijitt, set off; Beat and pleasing. in growth. Are all flowers ^eHy .^ Are ripe peara pleasant to the ToDQH, pulling; that which maybe tast«3 bent- Whole, sound ; all, erory part, or one. Is hiekory wood tiragh ? Ts tho plant ui/io/e ? ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH STUDY. qUALITIES OF ANIMALS. ■■ Wf-as 1 Is that tho angry howl Of the wolf, the hills among ! Or the hooting of the owl, On his leafy cradle swung!" Whittieh. Strai, scattered ; wandering, or lost. Eakfakt, rearing uj^ or oyerleapingi Have you seen a Itray lamb f What is a lion rampasii ! Tame, subdue ; aoonstomed to man. Swrcr, whirling ; rapid in motion. Is the ox tame ? Is the deer siinft in running. Grkidt, reaoMng forward; having a Slow, slaek ; lazy in motion, strong desire for food. Are snails tlov> animals ! Are vultures greedy animals ? Hosiecb, Google ASGLO-SASON EOOT-WOEDS. [rUNDEED AND FOUETEBNTII "Mi: heart looks up when I behold A rainbow in the sty." Wokdswohtu. Red, openiug or glowing; a bright Is th& iiy blue ? warm color. Beo'wn, burnt; a sober tool color. Are some spplee rtd ? Are some Mud of woods Jroum ! Yellow, bright ; a bright color. Geat, fair ; white mixed wilh black. la gold a, yelloa metal ) la an old man's hair gray f GREE.t, growing ea a grass ; a cool Black, waning, or pale ; the color of color composed of jellow and blue. night Is moss green f Are elonds Bometiraes black I Bice, a ridi warm color. ONE HUNDEED AND FIFTEENTH STUDY QUALiriES OF GOD. "God of wisdom, God of might, Father I dearest name of all, Bow thy throne and bless our rite ; Tie thy eliildren on thee call" Speahue, BL^s^^:r>, made blithe ; made happy. Is God oxa first ruler i Is a Christian blessed ! Teuk, dosed fast ; real, or according MiauTY, strength ; strong. to fact Is God mighty! Ib there but one true GodI FiBsr, adranced before; the begin- Holt, whole, or sound ; free from sin. ning of all things. Is God holy in all his ways? We have now come to the thied stage of the mind in gathering up words — ACTIONS. We began with the names Hosiecb, Google 112 ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOBBS. of Mngs ; as papa, mamma, dog. We then got the names of 3oi)ie qualities; as good papa, dear mamma, had dog. Afterwards, we got the names of actions; as, good papa comes, dear mamma sings, bad dog Utes. In this way, every child- gathers up the words that form his daily speech. Our old Saxon forefathers formed nearly all names of ACTiojrs from names of things. They did so by putting gan, to go, anan, to give, or agan^ to hold, after the names of things. Thus deal, the name of a part, becomes dealan, to divide into parts. OKB HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH STUDY. The body ha lungs breathe t to act. Can jou sit on n chair 1 Lie, to throw down ; to rest Btreti;hed out its own actions. The pulse beats and the ren while we sleep. But our bodies cease "They walked not under the lindens, They played not in the haU ; But shadow, and silence, and sadness Were hanging over all." Longfellow. Ri9i^ to lift up oneself; to get up from sleep, or sitting. Do Tou rise in the morning ! Sneeze, to thrust out air ; to emit air audibly through the nose, breathing ; to Do you sneeze when you hsTe a cold! Pain, to prickle ; to prodace an un- nhed! Do you lii SlDMbeh, to mnmiT] take light sleep. May lie slumber in school I Bleep, to bo loose; to rest unlinow- ingly. Do we sleep at night ! SsOE^ to make a sound with the nose; to hreathe with a hoarse Can you snore loudly f Does seTcre cold pain as ! Nap, to nod ; to take a ehort sleep. Does grandfather nap in his Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOr-WOKDS. 11 Should we spit on the carpet! Have jou evvr Been anj oi Swoon, to full awnj ; to sink into a swoon ? fainting state. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH STUDY. " Shk stood beads the well her God had given, To gush in that deep wiMerneBB, and bathed The forehead of her child, until he laughed In hia reTiving happineBS, and lisped nia infant thoughts of gladnesa at the sight Of the cool plashing of his motlier's hand." K. P. WlLI.13, Hand, to thrust out; to reach any Cr.AP, to strike; to atrika the hands thing with the hand. together. Did jon hand the book i Did jou clap the speaker ( IlANDtE, t stroke smoothly; to be Love, to lean forward ; lo dehght in pleased witli. „ny thing. Can jovi U^s a bad child ) po yo^ ;(,„g God I Hosiecb, Google 11'8 ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. MoAS, to make a low sound ; to ex- Do the Eiek loathe food ! presB eoprow. Will, to set forwiiril ; to choose any Do we moan {a grief! thing. Hate, to be hot ; to dUlike gi'eatlj'. Do you will before jou walk ! Do you hate wickedness ? Eeoe, U> tell ; to care or raind. LoiTHE, to thrust nway ; to feel much Do the dead reck any thing I diegnsL TWEKTY-TniRD STUDY. " llBTIKED Within his gorgeous iiali, Aesyi'ia's king Sita at the banquet, and in lore and wina Revels delighted." ATiiEnsioNE Cook, to prepare food for eatiiig. Choke, to stop up; to stop the wind- Is it easy to eooh food ( pipe. Si»T, to separate ; to take tLe coarse Will a bone choke you ! from the fine with a sieve. Sep, to make a noise with tha lipa in Do we sift meal! taking lai^e quantities; to take up Knead, to press with the fist ; to with tlie moutli. make flour and harm into dough. Do you tup fast ! Does tha girl knead t)x6 dough! Sip, to make a noise with tlie lips ia Baku to harden hj fire ; to cook food taking small quantities ; to take up in an oven. with tha lips. Do we hake bread in an oven ! Do wo tip our taa! Dink, to take the day meal; to eat DawK, to draw; to swallow liquor the chief meal. or water. Do you dine at two o'clock ! Do children drink much ( Carve, to pluck; to cut in small pieces. Geihd, to rub; to reduce to powder. Is it easy to earve a fowl ? Does tha girl jrriiid tie coffee ! CitAU, to force into ; to stuff ia any Smack, uoisa in tasting ; to make a thing as food. noise wifi the lips. Does the child cram food into Is it nice to amaek ? bis mouth ! Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH STUDY. "TnKoldmaiisuDk Upon hii knecB, and in tho dropeij Of the ridi ourtaias buri«d up Ms face." CT. P. Wnus. CtoTiffi, to draw over ; to put gar- Dye, to color ; to tinge by coloring. ments on tlie body. Can we d^ garments t Does the mother e/o(Je bar ohildf Ksrr, to make by knots ; to mnka by Deck, to cover ; to drees fiEeiy. knotting threads. Doea the mother deck her child ) Dopj the girl hnit gloves ? ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH STUDY. " Her -wheel at rest, the matron thrills no more With treasured tales and legendary lore. All, all are fled." KooEiis. Screes, to cut off; to shade from beat Wash, to clean by rubbing in water, or cold. Will the girl wash the dirty Does the house SiTeen you frovn clothes! cold! Wife, to rub dry; to rub for the Say, to thrust out ; to speak or tell purpose of cleaning. any thing. Did the girl imp« the floor this Can the baby say any thmg! raoniingi SooBon, to dry up ; to burn on tie Spill, to Waste ; to let run out of a surface. vessel. Will the fire aeoreh clothes ! Did you spill the milk ! Clean, to remove ; to separate from WHimti, a knife ; to para with a any thing dirty. knife- Does die housemaid clean the Do boys vrhittlc sticlra. pogui ) Send, to urge ; to cause to gu. SivEEP, to wipe; to clean by brush- Can you jenia book ! [j)„ Smother, to smote; to choke in any Will the fjiil atnefp the stairs ! way. Hosiecb, Google 120 ANGLO-SASO>; ROOT-WORDS. "Would Emoks smother joal Qhekch, to put out; to put out as a Smooth, to mako even ; to give sn flame. eyen Burfaoe to. Will water guench firet Do we snioo( A clothes Kest, to lay down; to cease from BiDn to lodge ; to stay in a place, or woft. dwell Do we rest at night! Do cliildren hide nt home ! Rouse, to shake ; to stir up to action. Bukae, to thrust; to drive in pienes. Shall 1 rouse you in the morning ! Will a fall break a plate ! ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SIXTH STUDY. "At intervals my mother's voice was beard Urging despatch : briakly the work went OD, All hands employed to wash, to rinse, to wring, To fold, to stureh, and clap, and iron and plait." BiEBAULD. FosTEB, to give food ; to feed, or briEg Will you singe your dress if you up. stand too near tlie firet Does the kind lady /osier many Soak, to suck in ; to steep in liquid, children! Will the girl aoat the muslin in Warm, to rouse with heat; to supply water! heat Eeae, fo erect ; to raise or bring up. Does the fire warm you ? Will the family rear the child ! FEEd, to nourish ; to give food. Milk, to stroke gently; to obtain Does the nurse /cei the children? milk by stroking. Skw, to stitch] to unite with needle Docs the girl mitt the cowf and thread. Eisse, to remove by washing ; to Will you sew your glove! cleanse by water. Heu, to fold and sew down the edge. Do we rime clothes after they Can you hem your handkerchief? haye been washed! Swaddle, to clothe ; to bind with Wkino, to strain ; to strain and twist liandage. round. Will the nurse sioaiiHe the child ! Does the girl viring the clothes! Tie, to strain ; to bind with a cord or Chukm, t to take nway anj Should a father rids his ohil- fflstfiuing. dren. Does the hongeholder open tlie Bin, to drive out the voice ; to corn- house? mand or direct. Shot, to bolt; to close with fasten- Should jou do ns your father ings. Jiifojou? Is the house thvt up ! Bidj!, to stay ; to dwell or continue. Giv^ to send to | to hestow any thing Will you hidx long in this house I upon any one. Beoce.^tii, to say by will ; to leave Is it pleasant to glue I any thing by will. Work, to etrive ; to perform labor. Pid your mother bequeath you Does the man mori; well t the money ! Lead, to draw fonvaril ; to gnide or HoSEANn, to teep in, the house; to conduct, use carefully. Should a father had his cliil- Should the farmer laishand hia dree I hay ? Rule, to direct; t« order or control. ONE nUNDHED AND TW]£1STY-E!(JHTH STUDY. ACTIOS S OF THE nCKTER. "But dauntless he. nor oliart, jior journey's plan In woods required, whose trained eye was keen As eagle of the wilderness, to scan Hia path, by mountain, swamp or deep ravine." Caufbili. Hosiecb, Google 121. AHGLO-SAXON KOOT-WOEDS. Hunt, to rnsh; to ehaae wild ani- Slat, to strike; to put to dcatli by mals. Tioleucc. Do la&ay men hunt wild ani- Will tlio hunter siay the deer) mills ! Shis, to strip ; to take off the stin. Teaf, to catch up; to uiiti^h by a Has the hunter stiniied the ani- Buare. mal! Did the hnntor trap the beaver? Throw, to hurl; t« fling or east away. Ecu, to rush; to paae rapidly on foot. Does the hunter iftrow his spear f Can thelronterru™ aft*r gama? Foed, to paae; to cross a liTcr by RiDB^ to go forward ; to go on horae- waJiing on the bottom, back. Does the hunter ford many Will the liuDter ride far t rivers? Bet, to give a pledge ; to stake a Flay, to bark ; to strip off the akin, wager. May the ivsaterjtai/ en animalf le it wrong to bet? Gab, to go ; to wander about. Weakt, to wear down; to tire the Does the hunter jaii aliout? body. SncN, to go from ; to keep out of Doesthe chase meari/ the huntort sight. ONE HUKDEED AND TWENTY-NINTH STUDY. "A LITTLE hovel by the river side Eeoeivod ua; there hard labor and the skill 1q flailing, which was formerly my sport, Suppoj-ted life." Uosie. Fish, to take tish ; to try to take flsh. H la the flaher to mil much ) Is it pleasant to jfsA? Swiu, to vanish; to pass thrmigh Hook, to catch witJi a bent piece of water.by using the limba. mctaL la it daageroaa to smm I Does the fisher Aooi fiah ! Wekck, to break; to dash on rocks Speah, to pierce ; to kill or pierae or shoals, as a ship. with the Bpcar. Waa the veeael wreclced ! Does the fisher spear eels! Swamp, to suck down; to upset in Dnno, to haul along ; to pull or haul. water. Wai the fisher drag in the net » Will the boat sviavtp f Sail, to etrain in a course ; to paaa Puli-, to drag or haiiL through water in a vesaeL Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOEDS. 123 DoaB the fisherman pidl in. the Eotf, to urge ; t scrape or dig with Stable, to put in a stall ; to put in a a hoe. stable or bam. Will tlie man hoe the garden Should the fanner stable his cat- beds! tie in winter! Rake, tfl scrape ; to gather glass or Stall, to stand ; to put in a stable or grain with a rake. stand. Does he fafo thehay together! Hosiecb, Google 124 ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOBDS. Thbash, to beat; to beat oiit grain Fan, to open; to separate eliaJf from from the husk. grain. Oau he thrash with a flail ! Will ho fan wlieat ! Mow, to cat off; to Out grass with a Hibe, to get wages ; to engage for a sojthe. reward or price. Can he mow with a scythe) Does thefarmer hire manjment HmDEE, to weaten ; to keep back or Gather, to close up or biad; to bring obstruct. into stores, or heap op. Does rain hinder the farmer from Will they gather in all the grain workJDgf atharveat! SruUEH, to paas fhe liot eeoson ; to Eakk, to gather ; to obtain by labor, pasa or earry through eummcr. Does the laborer earn much! Gatuee, to go through ; to collect T cattle ? pasa or carry through winter. Does the farmer gather h Do cattle mnler well on good fodder) ONE HUNDRED AUD THIETY-FIEST STUDY. The yill^o grows, the city Epriuga." Spkague. Sdndeh, to part; to separate in any 'When did the man roof tlie way. house ! Does the houaewriglit siijiife*- the Bojan, to spread; to cover with wood ! FaiME, to join; tofoi'm the outline of a building. Build, to act or make ; to frame and Did the honsewright frame the raise a building, barn) Will they SuiM a lai^e honse) Flooh, to maicflat; to lay the bot- Saw, to cut; toeut mitli a eaw. torn part of a house or room. Can the man sow woodl "Will the carpenter floor the Bore, to thrust ; to make holea with house! a gimlet EooF, to cover ; to put on the eoTcr Will the carpenter hore a hole in of a houae. the wood i Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOEDS. ONE HUEIIEED AND THIRTY-SECOND STUDY. " Gon made the pvopliet's wheel, And filled it full of ejes," WiiKT, to Bharpen ; to make eharp bj Hew, to strike ; to eiit ivith any in- ftJus, to moTC in a eirele ; to form on Does he hew hia spokes ! a lathe. CiHATE, to split ; to divide by out^ Does the wheelwright turn the ting. Imh! Do we cUavev^ooi with an aiet ONE HUNDEED AND THIRTY-THIRD STUDY. "Hee keel hath struok on a hidden rock, Her planks are torn asunder ; And down came her masts with a reeling shook." WnaoN. Thim, !o inalte firm ; to pnt in order. Doea he meld a, large asel SujFK, to form ; to gire form to aay Deck, to throw on ; to furnish with tiling. a deck. Does the shipwright shape his j,^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^1 ^j^^ '^^**'" hn rl I Fasiek, to hold firm; to make firm. Do.. 11. .Wpwriglt/«lm He ^'^ '» »" *"'. '» ™*" "'"" beams ? tritis. Does he rib the ship ? ONE HUNDEED AND THIRTY-FOURTH STUDT, " Upon the river's bank; Near by the sonnding waterfall, He built the village mill." Hosiecb, Google 126 ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOEDS. DiJ^tostop; to keep in water with Dkill, to twist; a bank. drill Does the millwright dam tta Doea he dri water! plant! ONE HUKDBED AND THIRrr-riFTH STUDY. "TnE smith, a mighty man ia ho, With large and eioewj hands; And the miieeles of his brawny arms Are strong as iron banda." Longfellow. Beat, to atrite ; to strike often. Melt, to soften; to make like a Does the smith hcai the iron ! liquid. Hiu, to pin ; to fasten with nails or Can one melt silver r iron pins. IIammeu, to beat; to strika with a Is the horseshoe nailed on f hammer. Heat, lo warm; to warm by firo. Is the iron well hammered? Wm the smith heat tlie me- Neal, toHncUe; to tomper by heat. '^' Does the mechanic neal iron) ONE nUNDRED AA"n THIRTY-SIXTH STUDY, "I.'i olden time, Kings' daughters had their looms." Weate, to throng; to unite threads Twist, to turn about; to wind one and form clofh. thread round another. Will he weme fine elothf Does the weaver tmst his cord ( Spin, to draw out; to draw out fiax Knot, to swell;to join or unite or wool into a tliraad. threads or cords. Do women spin I Can the weaver knot his thread ! Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WO: ONE HUNIISED AND THIRTY- SEVENTH STUDY. They ii'iigfite tlie soil, and turn the wheels Of busy workshops." Shape, to form ; to form for Bome and. Gbisd, to make Binooth or sharpen, Doea the pin-maker shape his Can you grind a knife to mate pins I it sharp ! FOLi, to tread ; to thieten cloth in a Glazb^ to make blue; to cover over mill witJi shining matter. Do iomfidl elotht Are many dishes glazed? Bleach, to whiten ; to make white hy Brand, to burn ; to mark in any way. taking away the color. I>oes the manufaetur«i' brand his Do we bleach musUn? goods! Comb, to serapa; to separate and ar- Gira, to obtain; to get by lahor or range with a comb. S'"- Do they cmnb flax at a milll Docs tie idle man gain miiehf ONE nCNDEBD AND TIIIKTY -EIGHTH STUDY. "Teadk is the pulso of nations, And on its healthful throbbings hang The industry of millions." Have, to hold ; to hold or possess. "Las, to stretdi ; to tell an unti Can the trader hans many Should a man lie? things f Cheafes, to strike a bargain ; Wesd, to go or turn ; to go from the price, place to place. Do some wish to ckeaj Does the trader loend his way goods! alone! Mete, to reach to; to measuri Dus, to erave noisily; to ask often Does the miller mete c for payment. corn t Will the merchant dxtn if he is Ship, to put ic shape ; to pu not paid! ship. Hosiecb, Google 128 ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. Will the merchant ship tea from China horo ! WtnaB, ta balfince ; to finl the quau- titj of a thing by weighing it. Does the grocer vidgh teat Deal, to diyiiic; to trade i thing. Doea he deal in ivines ! Bur, to get ttinga by payi them. Win he but/ many things ! Stobe, to hoard; to lay up goods. Should the trader store his good? Sel!, to send to; to give away u thing for money. Does the trader sell much! BAKGAra, to lend ; to make soma contract, buy or ealL Can you bargain ? ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-NINTH STUDY. "Ah, neyar shall tie land foi^et How guahad the lifu-Wood of her brave — Gushed, warm with hope and courage yet^ Upon iLe Eoil they sought to saye." Bkt.im Weebt, to twist; to gain by foi Can the soldier wresi the of the enemy ! WiBD, to keep off. Does he ward the blows ! Quell, to press down ; Can the officer gusli the fight! Rush, to move forcibly ; to move with Do they mmA on to war I Reck, to emit vapor; to care or The soldier recis not his life ! Welter, to wallow; to roll in blood. Should the poor soldier be left touwifCT-inhisblood! Slaugetee, to sfjikc down ; to make great havoe. Did the armies slaugJder each other! Waveb, to move to and fro ; to change Should a soldier waver/ Quail, to sink away ; to fall back and lose courage. Does the coward qwiil in bat- tle! Habbooe, to cover soldiers ; to shelter in any way. Should wo JSarfiorthe criminal f Spake, to shnt off; to keep from punishment or death. Can man spare his enemy ! IIdkt, to dash at; to injure in any Should children hvrt each othei ( Cope, to strive ; to Etrive on equal Did America cope with England I Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXOX ROOT-WORDS. 129 Saoor, to throw out; to let fly an Djuli, to turn; to exerolfle or train Do raemAoDi balls f Should tie officer rfriW his men t Dub, to strike in naming; to strike Shield, to cover; to protect from with a sword in making a knight danger. Doea the king dab knights? Does the soldier shield his eoun- WiB, to nrge against ; to contend in try? battle. HKAn, to shoot or top; to lead or Fight, to fetch a blow ; to strive for advance before. victnrj in battlu. Does the captain head his bandi la it wrong to_^j7ii.? Boast, to use a bow; to praise one- H*LT, to hold up; to stop on a self. march. Do you like to boast of your- Do soldiers hall when tliej are self? tiredl Cow, to mate afraid; to awaken fear. Does the keen look mtc at times I ONE nUNDEED AND FOBTIBTH STUDY. " In every village marked with little spire, Embowered in trees, and hardly known to fame. There dwells, in lowly shed and mean attire, A matron old, whom we schoolmistress name." Shehstonk. Teaoh, to point out; to give know- WiirrE, to smear as with wax; to ledge. form letters and words. Is it easy to Uach children t Can your teacher write neatly ! Show, to hold fo the eye ; to present Reckon, to count by balls ; to count to view. by figures. Doea the teacher ihovi her Can you reckon quickly) scholars how to do things ( Rulu, to direct ; to govern and guide. FoBK, to set ; to give shape to. Should a teacher mle her pu- Can you form a square ! pila f Bead, to drive out, as the voice ; to Learn, to gather; to take np know- utter written letters or words. ledge. Should a teacher read well ! Does the good child learn w.ell I Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT-WOEDS. ONE HUNDRED AND FOETT-FIEST STUDY. " pKMirt that I Mj little knowledge with my country share, Till jou tlie rich Aselepian stores unlock." I>r. AairaiaoSB. Hksl, tn make sound ; to cure sick- Do doctors bray medicines in a ness. mortar ) Can the doctor ftettJ us! Bletek, to bloat; to raiso the skin Bleed, toeausetJiflow"; to take away with a watery liquid. Wood by opening a vein. Do doctors blister for forers ! Should the doctor Weed her ! Cop, to use a cup to draw away Mil, to stir; to mingle things. blood. Does the doctor mix his modi- Will the doctor cup for dropsyl oin*at Leeou, to lessen ; to treat with medi- Bb*t, to break in pieces ; to pouiid cine and heal. in a mortar. Do doctors leech the sick? ONE HUNDEED AND FOETY-SECOND STUDY. "0 THOU sculptor, painter, poetl Take this leseon to thj heart ; That is best which lieth nearest^ Shape from that thy work of ar Draw, to move ov< piotnre by lines. Can you drmo objects! SiHO, to strain ; sonnds. Doy o play 01 represent a Do angels harp on golden harps ! Gild, to pay in gold ; to coTor with gold, forth sweet Does the arljat piM frames t Draft, to draw ; to draw the shape '■ng? of a thinj PiFB, to make a sound by blowing ; Can the artist draft ? Sketob, t Can the piper pipe on his pipes ! outline. Haep, to play on a harp. Does the ai Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON EOOT.-WORDS. 131 imis; to mingle together. Cskve, tocutin; to sbape anything 1 the tirtjst bleiid eolorsl on wood or stone. Do engravers carve on woodf ONE HUKDKED AND FORTY -THIRD STUDY. "I Aa a pebble, and yield to none,' Were the swelling words of a tiny stone I ' For I am as old as the big round earth V " Gould. IISTHN, light. Does .UST, to to shine; to eliin igoldjKsie™; become red; to e with become GuTTEK, to sparkle ; to sparkle with liglit. Do diamonds glitter ! Dwindle, to fall away; to become le.'is. rusty. Docf I iron rmt in the air Does melted! lead dmnHU away when ONE HUNDRED AND FOKTY-FOURTH STUDY. "The wind flower and the yioletj They perished long ago ; And the brier rose and the orchis died Amid the summer's glow." Buyjnt. Gbow, to increase; to enlarge in Seed, to seattei: ; to gl'ow and make Do all plants glow ? Do farmers seed their ground t Eab, to shoot ; to form ears as com. WmiKR, to become dry ; to fade and Does the corn ear well ! lose its freshness. Leaf, to ehoot out; to put forth Doea the rose wiVAer in autumn ? leaves. Daoor, to fall; to Lang down- Does the rose leaf'm spring! ward. Blossom, to opeji out ; to put forth Does the lily of the valley droop f flowers. Clottie, to cover ; to cover over any Does the rose blouom ? thing. Hosiecb, Google 182 ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. Does our Creator dot/it the trees Dje, to pasa away ; to lose life, with leaves! Does the roaii die? Fkeb, to nourish; to supply food. Rustli^ to make quick, Biiiall Bounds. Does grass feed eattle! Do leaves rustle? ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIFTH STUDY. '■The low of herds Blends wiUi the rustling of tlie heftTj grain," BRrANt. Bellow, tobeleh ont sound; to make Does the horse neigh? a loud hollow noise. Brat, to make a grinding sound ; to Does the bull bellow ? mako a horsli loud sound. Low, to make a flat low sonnd | to Does the ass brat/ ? make a low noise. Ghaze, to eat grass ; to feed on grass Does the cow low ? or herbage. BtBAT, from the sound; to cry da Do cattle jrase ia the field) aheep. Wag, to shake; to move one way Dof3 the sheep bleat ? and the other, as tha tail. Bare, from the sound; to make a Does the dog way hie toil ( sharp snapping noise Lick, to rub; to draw the toi^e Docs the dog bark? over a thing. WoRRT, to shake or tear; to harass Docs th« Aoglich his master's or tear, Landt Docs the dog worry his food ! Chow, from the sound ; to make the WniKE, to squeak ; tfi make a crying noise of the cock, sound. Does the cock erovt? Does ttie dog johine? Cltjcs, from the sound; to make t}ie Faws, to CTOuoh in joy ; to seek favor sound of the hen while hatching, or notice. Does the hen cl'wkl Does the dog/flKm on his mas- Slisk, to creep slily; tostealaway. tert Does puss .sKnt behind thedoopi Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOEDS, ONE IIUHDEED A'SD FOETY-SIXTH STUDY. " The wild boar eought hk lair ; The wolf prowled through the wood ; The Berpent hissed; naj, all the bcasta Gave sigtta of fear." KoAR, to make a loud long noise. Does tlie lion spring on his Does the lion roar ? prfij ' GaiH, to set the tceUi; to open the Te.ik, to waste; to separate with mouth and set the teeth. violence. Does the wolf grin / Does the tiger tear his food ! Ilea, to mate a hissing sound. Burkow, to bore into ; to make ft hole Does the black snake hhs ithen in the earth, angiyf Does the rabbit burrow? BsiBTLE, to shoot up ; to raise the Climb, to go up ; to creep up a tree Does the wild boar brisiU when Does the monkey cttmh treesl BDgry! LisTF, to walk as if lame. Ckkep, to erawl; to moTC slowly. Docs the hare limp over the Does the enate creep? frozen grass? Spring, to leap; to move with vio- oHE uundiu;d and foety-sevekth study. " Bkekest thoa the plashy brink Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide. Or where the rocking billows rise and sink On the ehafed oaean side!" Bryant. Ckoae, from the sound ; to make a Does the leech suci blood ) low hoarse noise. Swim, to pass away; to move on or Does the frt^ croak I in water. Suck, to draw into; to imbibe or Do fish jwim in water ! draw up a fluid. Scuttle, to make as a basket ; to bore Hosiecb, Google 134 ANGLO-SAXOX KOOT-WOEDS. a ship so sa to be opon like a baa- Spawh, to throw o ONE HUNDRED AND FOETY-BIGHTH STUDY. " With storm-daring pinion, and emi-gazmg eye, The gray forest cagie is tlie king of tlie sky." Stbeet. Fl'i, to move wilJi the wings ; to Sobeah, to cry out in fear ; to utter move through the air with wings, a loud shrill cry. Does the e^le_^i// Hoes the eagle scream when Hop, to hobble ; to spring on the angry f feet Lay, to put down ; to bring forth aa Does the robin hop merrily eggs, aboutt Bo all birds lay eggs? Swoop, to carry oil rapidly; to seize Mount, to go up ; to soar on high, on the wing. Does tlie eagle inoani on his Does the eagle swoop his prey! wini's! Flutteh, to waver: to move and flap Itoht, to lift; to get down as a bird the wings. from on wing. Does the wounded bird /««er? Does the bird light on the branch ! ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY -NINTH STUDY. "Earth that nourished thee shall claim Thy growth, to be resolved to earth again," Bkvant. TuMJ, to wheel abont; to move in a Guce, to move smoothly; to move circular coarse. rapidly but smoothly. Does the earth turn on its axis! Float, to move as if on wing; to be ■Wbiei, to turn round quickly; to borne along on water or in the roll rapidly. air. Does water whirl in the whirl- Do clouds Jloat in the dr f pool I Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SASON EOOT-WOKDS. 135 QoAKB, to shake ; to shake or tremble. Do«a the air twarm with life I Doestiieearthflomstiioesjaiiia/ Seeodt, to shoot; to spring forth as Teem, to bring fortb ; to swarm wifli grass. "'^ Does grass sprout up from the Does the earth tsera wiUj living earth ! things f Beak, to carry ; to bring forth. SwABM, to move as boiling water j to Does the earth bear grain! tlirong in crowds. ONE HUKDEED AND FIFTIETH STUDY. "Aho whj do the roaring oeean, And the night- wind wild and bleak, As they beat at the heart of tha mother, Drive the color from her eheek!" Longfellow. Swell, to enlarge ; to rise in bil- Tn»w, to flow ; to melt what i lows. frozen. Do the waves of tha oeean Does the sun iAoio ice! swell! Flood, to flow over; to flow over it Flow, to move as watt>r; to glide bounds, along as water. Do rivers sometimes Jlood thai Do streams Jlom ? banks ! FEEBzev to shrink; to harden into Dhowm, to draw over; to overwheli Does water /r«;e/ Did the man druvm his dogt ONE HUNDRED AND FIPTY-FIHST STUDY, The planets, ell the infinite host of heaven Are shining on the sad abodes of death." BarANT. HiNO, to waver ; to suspend. Water, to flow and wet ; to pour out Do the clouds kanff io the heav- as rain, enji Do the heavens iMii;r tie esrthP Hosiecb, Google 136 ANGLO-SASOX ROOT-WOBDS. 8m4de, to out off aa light; to screen Twiskle, to wiDt; to sliina trem- froni the light. Hingly. Do clouds aometinies- sAuds the Do stuca (winHc / Bun! Gleam, to ehoot; to shoot forth Dazzle, to mate dizzy ; to overpower rays. with light. Does Llio moon gleam in misty Does the sun daale our oyce ? weather ! Wheel, to txirn about; to roll for- Dbenoh, to drink; to soak as with Does the bear wheel about the Does rain drench the earth! pole star I Speikhle, to scatter; to scatter aa EisE, to go up ; to move or pass up- raiu. wards. Do the clouds sprinkle rain t Does fJieeun rise cyerjmoming! Dawn, to become day; to open as the 8ET,todrive; t*> pass below the hori- Does the Buo set every even- ing! ONE HUKDBED AND FIFTY -SECOND STUDY. "Oun God, our father, oar eternal alll Who made our spirits, who our bodies made, Wlio made the heaven!, who made the flowery land. Who made all made, who orders, goycrna all." FotLOK. Make, to form; to form into any Does God hold the sea in the shape. hollow of his hand! Did God Jtmlce the earth! Keep, to thruat; to hold or pre- Lat, to throw down ; to settle o pfis. serve. Did God lay the foundations of Does God keep us from harm! the world! CuKSE, to bring evil upon one. Eeah, to raise up; to raise 1 or Does God curse the wicked ! build. Bless, to make happy; to confer Did God rear the earth ! good on one. Fix, to fasten; to make firm. Does God bleu the good t Did Godjic the earth ii 1 its Atone, to make one; to satisfy for plaeet sin. Hold, to strain ; to bind fast, c irto- Should we n; and EIGHTY-NINTH STUDY. CONNECTIONS OP THINOS IN PLACE AND TIME. We observe these, and get from this quarter some words. And, but, if, though, or, as, so, that, lest, still, till, since, then, else, yet, than. The body and the world could not aid the c ipeech to form words without the soul and God. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WORDS. ONE RUNDEED AND NINETIETH STUDY. The soul is tie fouot of all words. The organ of speech and the body are only its instruments. The world is the material. Like, little, true, believe, thint, know, heed, doom, teach, learn, think, thought, same, hke. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIKST STUDY. God is the Creator of viords a.s well as works. He made the soul to speak. He taught man some words, and formed the soul, so as to make others for herself as tiiey were needed. Make, bless, curse, daysman, atone. The end of a good boob is better than its beginning. It adds something to our knowledge. Let us see what the Hand-Book of AtujIo- Saxon Boot-vmrds has added. It is wise to look back, and gather up all we have seen and learned by the way. The Fiest Part led ua to a knowledge of worda. We learned much about spoken and written words, and the ways of writing and spelling them. Letters, sounds and speech were explained. Hosiecb, Google ANGLO-SAXON ROOT-WOBDS. The Second Part made us master of one thousand root- words. We began at home, and went out over all the things lying between home and heaven, and named (hem; learned the first and common meanings of these names, and used them in sentences. We returned, and went forth the second time over the same things, and named their qualities. Again, we returned, and went forth the third time over the same things, and named their actions. The Third Part led iis to the beginnings of these one thousand root-ioords. We saw them come forth from the lips. The organ of speech is the instrument of words. The body and all its parts aid this organ, and help it to words. So does the world. The soul uses all these, and is the fount of all words. God is their maker in forming the soul for speech, and teaching man to speak. Hosiecb, Google Hosiecb, Google D. APPLETU!. f CO., PUBLISHERS. SERIES OF BEADING BOOKS BT IIENltY MANDKYILLE, J>. J>. PRIMARY HEADING BOOK. 1 vol. lemo, . . PriiiP, Jr) le =ECOND IlEADEK 1 vol. lOma .... H TIliKD READER, ItoL leraa " 25 EOURTH READER. 1 vol. 12mo. . . . '■ 38 COmtSE OP EEADIJTG, OR FIFl'H READER. i;;mu. " -^t lit.ElIEKTS OF READIKG ASD ORATORY. 1 vol, large 12mo. " i 00 Great pains linve b«eii tnken to make these bootis Eupcciar to any otliep reading-books in use, by reducing tliem to a complete pivitticnt system, founded on the nature of the langnage, by which the [iiupn dellvcLy of all sentences may be determined, and Reading elevutetl to the r3,ak of a science. Tlie proper and thorough use of these books ] Jaces it In the power of every pupil to become an accomplished render. The BclectlonH will be found to contain some of the finest gems in the language, which eaimot fail of interesting the pupil, and cnltivate a Uteiftry laste. TuE FiHST AND Seookd Readeks iiitrodaee Bucceasirely the diffci'ent paits of epeech, and are designed to combine a knowlcdg f th ginmmaticol futietioaa wilh the meaning and proauneiatio f wo d TiiE Thihd and Foimru Readees commence with a aeries f a on articnlation and modulntion, containing numerous eza pies fo practieo on the elementary souids {including enora to be dl and on the different movements of the voice piodueed by b t nt al structure, by emphasis, and by the passions. TuE CouKSE OF Reaoisg Comprises Ihrea parts: the Jiril pari con- taining a more ekboi'ate descriptiou of elementary sounds and of the parts of speech grftmmntieally considered, tlian was deemed necessary in the preceding works; part lecond, a complete ciassifioatioti and description of every sentence to be fcund in the English, or in any other language; pari third, jiaTogmphB ; or sentences in their eonneo- tioii unfolding general tEioughts, as in the common reading-books. The EiKiiESTS OF Re.idikg asd Okatohy closes the aeries with an eNhilition of the whole theory and art of Elocution exclusive of ges- ture. It contains, besides the class iiication of sentences, the laws oJ punctuation and delivery deduced from It, the whole followed hi carefullv selected pieces for Eei]tontiid annlysis and rofiU prneiice. Hosiecb, Google D. APPLETOK 4- CO.; PUBLISHERS. MANUAL OF ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY AND HTSTOUY J2mo. S96 pngea. Price §1 00. Tills work waa originally prepared by Wilhelm. Piila, an emineiil German athoJnr, and transkted and edited in England by Ray. T. E, Arnold, and is now revised and introduced to the American public in a well-written preface, by Mr. George W. Greene, teaclicr of ino3eiii languages in Brown Uaiveraity. As a text-book on Ancient HistoLy for Colleges and advanced Aca- demies, tSiia volume ia believed to be one of the beat eompcnds pub HAND-BOOK OF MEDIEVAL GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY BY WILHELM PTiTZ. TRANSLATED BY REV R B PAUL IL A 1 VoL 211 pagea 12mo Piicl *"j L \A T)ie chnraeteristica of tliis volame are pcnciaion, condensation, and luminous awangemenf; It is prei.iEelj what it frptenda to be^o manual, a sure and conscientious guide for the student through the croota and tangles of Hediseval Historv All fbe gieat piinc pies of this extensive period are earelully laid doi^n and thi_ riost important facta akilfnlly grouped around tlicm MANUAL OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY AND HIST<.)RY. BY -WIUIELM PUTZ. TRANSLATED BY REV. R. B. PAUL, M.A. lamo. 33G pages. Price £1 00. This volume completes the aeries of the author's worka on geography and history. Every important fact of the period, comprehensive aa it is both in geography nod histoiy, is presented in a conciae yet clear and connected manner, bo as to be of value, not only as a text-bookfot students, but to the general reader for reference. Although the facts are greatly condensed, as of necessity they must be, yet they are pre- sented with BO much distinclness as to produce a fised impression on the mind. It is also reliable as the work of an icdefiitigable German scholar, for correct information relating to the progrcaa and changes of Htatea and uationa — literature, the sciences and fke arts — and all ihol eombines in modem civilization. Hosiecb, Google S>. APPLETON f CO.. PVDLiaUERS. FIRST LESSONS IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. BT a p. QIJ4CKEBE03, A, M. These "First Leasooa" are intended for beginners in Grammar mid Gompc«itiQa, aad should be placed in theii' bands iit wlialever age it may be deemed beat for them to eommenee those braneliea — say fruin nine to twelve years. In the first fifty )>agea, by meaiia of lecaonB on the indactiva system, and eopions eitercises under each, the pnjiil Ls made familiar irith the nature and iise of the diSereat raild of speei h, BO as to ba able to recognize them at once, lie is then led to consider the diffeient kinds of clauses nnd sentences and is tlius prcpii^d foi' Punctuation, on which subject h u t q I d 1 iv 11 ciinaidered rules, arranged on a sew and mpl pi D ect f the use oi capital letters follow. Next i m ral s, [la a n and examples, fop the purpose of enabling the pfltof adpll rautly sneli darivatiTe words as lumiitg, tfeSam g p g and tb 1 ke, whith are not to be found in ordinary diet n s, a d gn'd g 1 b the pupil is apt to be led astray by the fatt tfiat a change is made m the primi- tive word before the addition of the suffix, Tliis done, the scboiar is pi'epared to express thoughts in his own language, and ia now re quired to write sentencea of every kind, a word being given to suggest d f I h ght to y th m by m f d ft t groUdmd fps» t Ij j d t t ra\\ d ml mpl ea t m; d S nil I th d ted t &tyl Th sstlpines,p j pptyp lniss,tgth,h ;d y t t eated mpl f ect bgpestd d ea!i.Th difF t t ds f mpos t fllw dim I gb hrst g th p p 1 efi d to mp ly 1 tt ra d pt n t a, b Off phi Ikth ys, li^mta t d Aft tl tl p p 1 figu tte t d th w k loses w th I f bj f f lly 1 ted, g d under their proper heads, nnd in such a way that the increase in dif- ficulty is very gradual Tlie work has received the universal apprtval of Teachers and the Press tlirougliout the Union. Hosiecb, Google ., PUBLISHERS. A DIGEST OF ENGLISH GKAMMAK. BY L. T. COVELL 12mi>. Price 50 Cents. Tliia TOi'k, whioh is just pnbliehed, is desigaod as a Test-Bttuk loi tbe "S9 of Suhoola and Academies; it is tho result of long expeviedoc, of uii eminentlj sueoessful Teacher, and will be found to possess many peeulini' merits. M a regular meittng of thi Soard nf Sducadint i^ Roahestei; held June IS, 1868, Uiefolloicing remlalion, was ununinniMfil adopted; ••Eesolted, Thul Covei|-a Digo5t of Eugllsli Ommmar bs snbstitatsfl Hit Wells' Grainmtr. as aText-Book In tbepabllc Ecboola of tLls cily, tn lake effect sttlie coin- Fi-omfirty-foiii- TeaaTiers qf PuHieSckools, Flaslmrg, Pa. "The imdeisigned liave cxamlnal ' Covulrs Digcat of Englbh Grainmat,' nod sre of oj^nlon that ip Ibe juatneK of ilsgoneral i lews, the eseellenoe of fta style, tie brevity, ao- eoraaj, ajid perapEcLilty of lis doflnEllons and rules, Ilia ounieroua eKamples ood EUuatra- tiona, the adaption of Its synthetical eserdsea, tho ^nipljidtr of its method of analysis, and la the plan of its irrBngement, this "ork surpaasea any other grsmuiar now before the pnbllc ; and that In all respects It la most admirably adapted to the nse of sohools Covetl's Digest of Engll^ Grsinmitr,' and Impaitlally compared it with otbar gmm- matauow In nse,arefully satlafted that,wliilo It Is In no respaot Inferior to othera. It Is In tery many respects much anpcilor. Wbtle itpossfsesall tbatianeceMarjfortbe ad- adapt It to the capafity of the yonngeet teamor. We are confident that much time and labor will be aaved, and grcatet Improvement ascnred to onr papils In the study of this sdenoe, by Its Introdnctlon Into onr schools; hence we earnestly recommend to the Boards of DIreetota of this dty, Its adopUoD as a nntform text-book upon this science In the Hbools coder their direction." From JonN J. Wolcoit, A. IiL, Pr. cad Supt ith Ward SiAool. jmaiurg. Pa. itudyuritsaiitbor,bDtltiathe moat complete, the most parfe Eatialiictnry exposition of English Grammar ttaot baa come ten mo that every youth asjjiring to becooie master of the English Hosiecb, Google 3. APFLETON j- CO., EXP08ITT0W OF THE GEAMMATICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. BY JOHN MDLLIGAH, A, M. L^ege 12mb. 574 pages. $1 50. This work is a eomprehensiTe nod oouiplete system o English Qramraar, embracing not only all tliat hss been iJeTeloped by Hie iiilei pMIologists, but also tlie njaulta of years of study nndresfareh on the port of its nutlior. One great advantage of this book is its adoiirnble arrangement. Instead of proceeding at once to tlie dry details which are distaetefnl and discouraging to the pnpi!, Mr. M. commeniies by yiewing the eentenee as a whole, analyzing it into its praper parts, and exhibiting their connection ; and, after having thus parsed the sentence logically, proceeds to consider the individual words that compose it, in all tiieir grammatical relations. This is the natural order; and expe- tieiice proTCS that Ihe arrangement here followed not only imparts additional interest to the subject, hut gives tJie pupil a miicli clearer insight into it. and greatly facilitates his progress. From De. Jahes W, Ai.rjANMR. " I ttiaBk yoii tilt tlie opportonity of pariising jont work on the stniotars ot !lie English luigDSge. It sliikea ma as betDg one of tlie most valDsbte DondibDUona to thb Important branch ot lilirfltme. Tbe moila of Investigation is so unlike wlisl appears la ODr ordinar; conipilalionE. tlie reasonlns Is so sound, aui the rcsalta sre so satjstbc- toTjsnd BO conTurmablo Co the goolus anil great antliorities ot ont tnother tongnfj that I propose to recur to it agmn and ngaln." " 1 have often tiiongiit our ianguage needeil eome work In wlileb the prlni^pies o grammatics] scl^nco and oT the strocturo of the Taaguage, philosophfcallf cooGidwoI were asvelnpedand applied to iDfloenoe and control llie «aa» and cpnsMsiio of Horac and Quintlllsn, wtilch seem to me to have been too olten Cbe principal eoarce of soli eisnis, Irregulo^ty and eoiTuption. Tn this paint of view, leon^deTyoumorkaTalD iblo and appropriate addition to the worlts on the language." jyom TTu. HoKiOE WebbtSe, Pf salient of the Frte A-^demy, A'«o Yorh. "The cipo^tlnn of the ^ammithxl strnoCnre of the English langnage by Prof^ssr MuU^sn, of this olty, is a work, hi my opinion, of great merit, imd well cslenlatefl t Impart a Ibotoagh and critical knowledge ot the grammar of the English Vsnguagc. - No earnest Enj^lish stmlent can tail to pn.Ht by tlie study ot this troati^o, yd tt ' Hosiecb, Google Hosiecb, Google